ROMANTIC LITERATURE
(c.1785 - c.1830)

SUB-PAGES

Feminist:

• 19th Century Feminist Thought / Feminist Perspectives on 19th Century Thought

Post-colonial:

• 19th Century Non-Western Thought / Post-colonial Perspectives on 19th Century Thought

ASSOCIATIONS

• International Gothic Association

AUTHORS

• Eire:

• France:

  • Stendahl (Marie-Henri Beyle) (1783 - 1842)

  • Honoré de Balzac (1799 - 1850)

• Germany:

  • Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749 - 1832) (see also Neo-Classical Literature and Literary Theory)

  • Friedrich Schiller (1759 - 1805) (see also Neo-Classical Literature and Literary Theory)

  • Novalis [Friedrich Leopold von Hardenberg] (1772 - 1801)

• Italy:
• Russia:
• Spain:
• UK:

  • Edward Young (1683 - 1765) (see also Neo-Classical Literature and Literary Theory)

  • William Blake (1757 - 1827)

  • William Wordsworth (1770 - 1850)

  • Walter Scott (1771 - 1832)

  • Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772 - 1834)

  • Jane Austen (1775 - 1817)

  • George Gordon Byron (1788 - 1824)

  • Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792 - 1822)

  • John Keats (1795 - 1821)

• USA:

  • Edgar Allan Poe (1809 - 1849)

  • Walt Whitman (1819 - 1892)

CONFERENCES

2008:

• Le Romantisme et les Émotions, Département de langue et de littérature françaises modernes, Université de Genevè, May 16

2007:

• Taste, Vision, Transcendence: Sublimity 1700-1900, University of Sussex, January 5

2006:

2005:

• Celtic Romanticism and Gothic Revisionism, University of Bristol, January 15-16

2004:

• Literature and Philosophy after Kant: Re-evaluating Early German Romanticism, Department of Philosophy, George Mason University, June 11-12

2003:

2002:

2001:

2000:

COURSES

JOURNALS

• Romantic Textualities: Literature and Print Culture, 1780-1840 (formerly Cardiff Corvey: Reading the Romantic Text)

SOURCES: PRIMARY

Off-Line:

• Anthologies:

  • General:

    • Furst, Lilian, R., ed.  European Romanticism: Self-Definition.  London: Methuen, 1980.

  • German Romantic Literature:

    • General:
      • Prawer, S., ed.  The Romantic Period in Germany.  1970.
    • Drama:
    • Poetry:
    • Prose Fiction:
  • British Romantic Literature:
    • General:
      • Leader, Zachary, and Ian Haywood, eds.  Romantic Period Writings, 1798–1832.  London: Routledge, 1998.
      • Perkins, David, ed.  English Romantic Writers.  New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1967. 
      • Trilling, Lionel, and Harold Bloom, eds.  Romantic Poetry and Prose.  Vol. 4 of Oxford Anthology of English Literature.  Oxford: OUP, 1973.
      • Wu, Duncan, ed.  Romanticism: an Anthology.  Oxford: Blackwell, 1994.
    • Drama:
    • Poetry:
      • Applebaum, Stanley, ed.  English Romantic Poetry: an Anthology.  New York: Dover, 1996.
      • Auden, W. H., and Norman Holmes Pearson, eds.  The Portable Romantic Poets: Romantic Poets: Blake to Poe.  New York: Viking, 1977.
      • McGann, Jerome J., ed.  New Oxford Book of Romantic Period Verse.  Oxford: OUP, 1993.
      • O'Neill, Michael, and Charles Mahoney, eds.  Romantic Poetry: an Annotated Anthology.  Oxford: Blackwell, 2007.
      • Wordsworth, Jonathan, and Jessica Wordsworth, eds.  Penguin Book of Romantic Poetry.  Harmondsworth: Penguin, 2006.
      • Wu, Duncan, ed.  Romantic Poetry.  Oxford: Blackwell, 2002.
    • Prose Fiction:

• Selected Individual Works:

  • General:

  • German Romantic Literature:

    • General:
    • Drama:
    • Poetry:
    • Prose Fiction:

  • British Romantic Literature:

    • General:
    • Drama:
    • Poetry:
    • Prose Fiction:

On-Line:

• General:

  • Gamer, Michael: Romantic Electronic Texts

  • Mandell, Laura, and Rita Raley: Romantic Anthologies and Miscellanies

  • Romantic Circles: Anthologies

• German Romantic Literature:

  • General:
  • Drama:
  • Poetry:
  • Prose Fiction:

• British Romantic Literature:

  • General:
  • Drama:
  • Poetry:
  • Prose Fiction:

SOURCES: SECONDARY

Off-Line:

• Anthologies:

  • General:

  • German Romantic Literature:

    • General:

      • Saul, Nicholas, ed.  Philosophy and German Literature, 1700-1990.  Cambridge: CUP, 2002.

    • Drama:
    • Poetry:
    • Prose Fiction:
  • British Romantic Literature:
    • General:
      • Behrendt, C., ed.  History and Myth: Essays on English Romantic Literature.  Detroit: Wayne State UP, 1990.
      • Bloom, Harold, ed.  Romanticism and Consciousness: Essays in Criticism.  New York: Norton, 1970. 
      • De Bolla, Peter, Nigel Leask, and David Simpson, eds.  Land, Nation and Culture, 1740-1840: Thinking the Republic of Taste.  London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
      • Bygrave, Stephen, ed.  Romantic Writings.  Milton: Keynes: Open UP, 1996.
      • Chase, Cynthia, ed.  Romanticism.  London: Longman, 1993.
      • Copley, Stephen, and John Whale, eds.  Beyond Romanticism.  London: Routledge, 1992.

      • Cunningham, A., and Nicholas Jardine, eds.  Romanticism and the Sciences.  Cambridge: CUP, 1990.

      • Curran, Stuart, ed.  Cambridge Companion to British Romanticism.  Cambridge: CUP, 1993.
      • Eaves, M., and M. Fischer, eds.  Romanticism and Contemporary Criticism.  Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1986.
      • Eichner, H., ed.  'Romanticism' and its Cognates: a European History of the Word.  1972.

      • Elridge, Richard, ed.  The Persistence of Romanticism: Essays in Philosophy and Literature.  Cambridge: CUP, 2001.

      • Ford, Boris, ed.  Romantics to Early Victorians.  Vol. 6 of New Pelican Guide to English Literature.  Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1990.

      • Ford, Boris, ed.  The Romantic Age in Britain.  Cambridge: CUP, 1986.

      • Ford, Boris, ed.  From Blake to Byron.  Vol. 5 of New Pelican Guide to English Literature.  Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1982.

      • Ford, Boris, ed.  Romantics to Early Victorians.  Vol. 6 of New Pelican Guide to English Literature.  Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1990.

      • Frye, Northrop, ed.  Some British Romantics: a Collection of Essays.  Ed. James V. Logan and John E. Jordan.  Columbus: Ohio State UP, 1966.

      • Frye, Northrop, ed.  Romanticism Reconsidered: Selected Papers of the English Institute.  New York: Columbia UP, 1963.

      • Gleckner, Robert F., and Gerald E. Enscoe, eds.  Romanticism: Points of View.  Detroit: Wayne State UP, 1962.  Rpt. 1975.
      • Halsted, J. B., ed.  Romanticism.  1969.
      • Hilles, Frederick W., and Harold Bloom, eds.  From Sensibility to Romanticism.  Oxford: OUP, 1965.
      • Hoffmeister, G., ed.  European Romanticism: Literary Cross-Currents, Modes, and Models.  Detroit: Wayne State UP, 1990.
      • Johnston, Kenneth R, et al., eds.  Romantic Revolutions: Criticism and Theory.  Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1990.
      • Keymer, Thomas, and Jon Mee, eds.  Cambridge Companion to English Literature, 1740–1830.  Cambridge: CUP, 2004.
      • Levinson, Marjorie, Marilyn Butler, Jerome McGann, and Paul Hamilton, eds.  Rethinking Historicism: Critical Readings in Romantic History.  Oxford: Blackwell, 1989.
      • McCalman, Iain, ed.  An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age: British Culture, 1776–1832.  Oxford: OUP, 1999.
      • Murray, Christopher John, ed.  Encyclopaedia of the Romantic Era, 1760–1850.  2 vols.  2004.
      • O'Neill, Michael, ed.  Literature of the Romantic Period.  1998.
      • Porter, Roy, and M. Teich, eds.  Romanticism in National Context.  Cambridge: CUP, 1988.
      • Prickett, Stephen, ed.  The Romantics
      .  The Context of English Literature.  London: Methuen, 1981.
      • Reed, Arden, ed.  Romanticism and Language.  Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1984.
      • Richardson, Alan, ed.  British Romanticism and the Science of the Mind.  Cambridge: CUP, 2001.
      • Ruoff, G., ed.  The Romantics and Us: Essays on Literature and Culture.  New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 1990.

      • Wu, Duncan, ed.  A Companion to Romanticism.  Oxford: Blackwell, 1998.

      • Wu, Duncan, ed.  Romanticism: a Critical Reader.  Oxford: Blackwell, 1995.

    • Drama:
    • Poetry:
      • Abrams, M. H., ed.  English Romantic Poets: Modern Essays in Criticism.  Oxford: OUP, 1960.
      • Kumar, S. K., ed.  British Romantic Poets: Recent Revaluations.  1966.
      • Thorpe, C. D., C. Baker, and B. Weaver, eds.  The Major English Romantic Poets.  Carbondale, IL: , 1957.
    • Prose Fiction:

• Selected Individual Works:

  • German Romantic Literature:

    • General:

      • Beiser, Frederick C.   The Romantic Imperative: the Concept of Early German Romanticism.  Boston: Harvard UP, 2004.

      • Bowie, Andrew.   Aesthetics and Subjectivity: from Kant to Nietzsche.  2nd Ed.  Manchester: Manchester UP, 2003.

      • Brown, Marshall.  PreRomanticism.  1991.

      • Brown, Marshall.  The Shape of German Romanticism.  Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1979.

      • Frank, Manfred.  The Philosophical Foundations of Early German Romanticism.  Trans. Elizabeth Millan-Zaibert.  Albany: SUNY Press, 2004. 
      • Hohendahl, Peter Uwe.  1985. 
        • Building a National Literature: the Case of Germany, 1830-1870.  Trans. Renate Baron Franciscono.  1989.
      • Pascal, Roy.  The German Sturm und Drang.  1953.
      • Walzel, Oskar.  German Romanticism. 
    • Drama:
    • Poetry:
    • Prose Fiction:
  • British Romantic Literature:
    • General:
      • Abrams, M. H.  The Correspondent Breeze: Essays in English Romanticism.  New York: Norton, 1984.
      • Abrams, M. H.  Natural Supernaturalism: Tradition and Revolution in Romantic Literature.  New York: Norton, 1971.
      • Abrams, M. H.  "Neoclassic and Romantic."  A Glossary of Literary Terms.  New York: Holt, Rinehart and Wilson, 1993.  125-130.
      • Adams, Hazard.  "Romantic Distinctions Between Symbol and Allegory."  Philosophy of the Literary Symbolic.  Tallahassee: UP of Florida, 1983.  46-98.

      • Bate, Walter Jackson.  From Classic to Romantic: Premises of Taste in Eighteenth Century England.  Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1946.

      • Brisman, Leslie.  Romantic Origins.  Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1978.
      • Bush, Douglas.  Mythology and the Romantic Tradition.  New York: , 1937.
      • Cobban, Alfred.  Edmund Burke and the Revolt Against the Eighteenth Century.  London: George Allen and Unwin, 1960.
        • "The Revolt Against the Eighteenth Century."  Romanticism and Consciousness: Essays in Criticism.  Ed. Harold Bloom.  +New York: Norton, 1970.  132-146.
      • Cooke, Michael G.  Acts of Inclusion: Studies Bearing on an Elementary Theory of Romanticism.  New Haven: Yale UP, 1979.
      • Elridge, Richard.  The Persistence of Romanticism: Essays in Philosophy and Literature.  Cambridge: CUP, 2001.
      • Engell, James.  The Creative Imagination: Enlightenment to Romanticism.  Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1981.
      • Ferguson, Frances.  "On the Numbers of Romanticisms."  ELH 58 (1991): 471-498.
      • Furst, Lillian.  Romanticism in Perspective.  1969.
      • Gaull, Marilyn.  English Romanticism: the Human Context.  New York: Norton, 1988. 
      • Grierson, H. J. C.  Classical and Romantic.  Cambridge: CUP, 1923. 
        • Extract rpt. in Romanticism: Points of View.  Ed. Robert F. Gleckner and Gerald E. Enscoe.  Detroit: Wayne State UP, 1962.  20-33.
      • Hough, G.  The  Last Romantics.  1949.
      • Kermode, Frank.  The Romantic Image.  London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1957.  Rpt. Routledge, 2002.
      • McGann, Jerome J.  The Beauty of Inflections.  Oxford: Clarendon, 1985.
      • Morse, D.  Perspectives in Romanticism.  1981.
      • Nuttall, A. D.  A Common Sky: Philosophy and the Literary Imagination. 
      • Peckham, Morse.  The Triumph of Romanticism.  Columbia, SC: , 1970.
      • Peckham, Morse.  "On Romanticism: Introduction."  Studies in Romanticism 9 (1970): 217-224.
      • Peckham, Morse.  Beyond the Tragic Vision: the Quest for Identity in the Nineteenth Century.  New York: , 1962.
      • Peckham, Morse.  "Toward a Theory of Romanticism: II.  Reconsiderations."  Studies in Romanticism 1 (1961): 1-8.
      • Peckham, Morse.  "Toward a Theory of Romanticism."  PMLA 66 (1951): 5-23. 
        • Rpt. in Romanticism: Points of View.  Ed. Robert F. Gleckner and Gerald E. Enscoe.  Detroit: Wayne State UP, 1962.  231-257.
      • Praz, M.  The Romantic Agony. 
      • Punter, D.  The Romantic Unconscious.  Hemel Hempstead: , 1989.
      • "Romanticism."  Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics. 

      • Wellek, René.  "The Concept of 'Romanticism' in Literary History."  Comparative Literature 1 (1949): 1-23; 147-172. 

        • Rpt. in Concepts of Criticism.  Ed. Stephen G. Nichols, Jr.  New Haven: Yale UP, 1963.  128-198. 

        • Rpt. in Romanticism: Points of View:.  Ed. Robert F. Gleckner and Gerald Enscoe.  Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1962.  192-211.

      • Wellek, Rene.  A History of Modern Criticism, 1750-1950.  8 Vols.  New Haven: Yale UP.
        • The Romantic Age.  Vol. 2.  1955.
        • The Later Eighteenth Century.  Vol. 1.  1955.

      • Willey, Basil.  Nineteenth Century Studies: Coleridge to Matthew Arnold. 

    • Drama:
    • Poetry:

      • General:

        • Abrams, M. H.  "The Correspondent Breeze: a Romantic Metaphor."  Kenyon Review 19 (1957): 113-130. 
          • The Correspondent Breeze: Essays in English Romanticism.  New York: Norton, 1984.  25-43.
          • Revised version in English Romantic Poets: Modern Essays in Criticism.  Oxford: OUP, 1975.  37-54. 
        • Bate, Walter Jackson.  The Burden of the Past and the English Poet.  Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1970.
        • Bloom, Harold.  Poetry and Repression
        .  Oxford: OUP, 1975.
        • Bloom, Harold.  The Anxiety of Influence
        .  Oxford: OUP, 1973.

        • Bloom, Harold.  The Ringers in the Tower: Studies in Romantic Tradition.  Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1971.

        • Bloom, Harold.  "The Internalisation of Quest Romance."  Yale Review 58 (1969): .  Rpt. in Romanticism and Consciousness: Essays in Criticism.  Ed. Bloom.  New York: Norton, 1970.  3-24.
        • Bloom, Harold.  The Visionary Company
        : a Reading of English Romantic Poetry.  Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1961.
        • Curran, Stuart.  "Romantic Poetry: Why and Wherefore?"  Cambridge Companion to British Romanticism.  Ed. Stuart Curran.  Cambridge: CUP, 1993.  216-235.
        • Everest, Kelvin.  English Romantic Poetry.  Milton Keynes: Open UP, 1990.
        • Harrison, Antony H.  Victorian Poets and Romantic Poems: Intertextuality and Ideology.  Charlottesville: U of Virginia P, 1990.
        • Hough, G.  The Romantic Poets.  1953.
        • Jackson, J. R. de J.  Poetry of the Romantic Period.  1980.
        • Priestman, Martin.  Romantic Atheism: Poetry and Freethought, 1780-1830.  Cambridge: CUP, 1999.
        • Simpson, David.  Irony and Authority in Romantic Poetry
        .  London: Macmillan, 1979.

        • Watson, J. R.  English Poetry of the Romantic Period, 1789-1830.  London: Longman, 1985.

      • Form:

        • Genre:

          • Allen, Graham.  "Romantic Allegory."  Romantic Writings.  Ed. Stephen Bygrave.  Milton: Keynes: Open UP, 1996.  205-226.
          • Allen, Graham.  "Romantic Verse Narrative."  Romantic Writings.  Ed. Stephen Bygrave.  Milton: Keynes: Open UP, 1996.  139-159.
          • Curran, Stuart.  Poetic Form and British Romanticism.  Oxford: OUP, 1986.
            • Chapter 3 "The Sonnet" (29-55)
            • Chapter 4 "The Hymn and Ode" (56-84)
          • Fischer, Hermann. 
            • Romantic Verse Narrative: the History of  a Genre.  Trans.  1991.
          • Levinson, Marjorie.  The Romantic Fragment Poem: a Critique of a Form.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1987.
          • McFarland, Thomas.  Romanticism and the Forms of Ruin: Wordsworth, Coleridge and the Modalities of Fragmentation.  Princeton: Princeton UP, 1981.
          • McGann, Jerome J.  The Poetics of Sensibility: a Revolution in Poetic Style.  Oxford: OUP, 1996.
          • Paulson, R.  Breaking and Remaking: Aesthetic Practice in England, 1700-1820.  New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 1990.
          • Wilkie, Brian.  Romantic Poets and the Epic Tradition. 
        • Structure:
          • Abrams, M. H.  "Structure and Style in the Greater Romantic Lyric."  From Sensibility to Romanticism.  Ed. Frederick W. Hilles and Harold Bloom.  Oxford: OUP, 1965.  527-560. 
            • Rpt. in The Correspondent Breeze: Essays on English Romanticism.  New York: Norton, 1984.  76-108.
          • Morse, D.  Romanticism: a Structural Analysis.  1982.
      • Metaphysical / Epistemological / Linguistic Issues:
        • Adams, Hazard.  Philosophy of the Literary Symbolic
        . 
        • Alexander, Meena.  The Poetic Self: Towards a Phenomenology of Romanticism
        . 
        • Armstrong, Charles I.  Romantic Organicism: from Idealist Origins to Ambivalent Afterlife.  London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
        • Ball, Patricia M.  The Central Self: a Study in Romantic and Victorian Imagination.  London: Athlone, 1968.
        • Gainesville: U of Florida P, 1984.
        • Bowra, C. M.  The Romantic Imagination
        .  Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1950.
        • Excerpt rpt. as "The Romantic Imagination."  The Romantic Imagination.   Ed. John Spencer Hill.  London: Macmillan, 1977.  87-109.
        • Brantley, Richard E.  Locke, Wesley and the Method of English Romanticism. 
        • Brett, R. L.  Fancy and Imagination.  London: Methuen, 1969.
        • Caruth, Cathy.  Empirical Truths and Critical Fictions: Locke, Wordsworth, Kant, Freud.  Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1991.
        • Chase, Cynthia.  Decomposing Figures: Rhetorical Readings in the Romantic Tradition
        .  Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1986.
        • Cooper, Andrew M.  Doubt and Identity in Romantic Poetry
        .  New Haven: Yale UP, 1988.
        • De Man, Paul.  Romanticism and Contemporary Criticism: the Gauss Seminars and Other Papers.  Ed. E. S. Burt, Kevin Newmark, and Andrzej Warminski.  1992.

        • De Man, Paul.  The Rhetoric of Romanticism.  New York: Columbia UP, 1984.

        • De Man, Paul.  Allegories of Reading: Figural Language in Rousseau, Nietzsche, Rilke and Proust.  New Haven, Conn.: Yale UP, 1979.

        • De Man, Paul.  "The Rhetoric of Temporality."  Interpretation: Theory and Practice.  Ed. Charles Singleton.  Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1969.  173-209. 

          • Rpt. in Blindness and Insight: Essays in the Rhetoric of Contemporary Criticism.  187-228.

        • De Man, Paul.  "Structure intentionelle de l'image romantique."  Revue internationale de philosophie  51 (1960): 68-84. 

          • Trans. as "Intentional Structure of the Romantic Image."  Romanticism and Consciousness.  Ed. Harold Bloom.  New York: Norton, 1970.  65-77.

        • Hall, Jean.  A Mind that Feeds Upon Itself: the Deep Self in English Romantic Poetry.  London: Associated UP, 1991.
        • Hartman, Geoffrey.  "Romanticism and Anti-Self Consciousness." 
          • Rpt. in Romanticism: Points of View.  Ed. Robert F. Gleckner and Gerald E. Enscoe.  Detroit: Wayne State UP, 1962. 
        • Hartman, Geoffrey.  "Romantic Poetry and the Genius Loci."  The Disciplines of Criticism.  Ed. Peter Demetz, Thomas Greene, and Lowry Nelson, Jr.  New Haven: Yale UP, 1968.  289-314.  Rpt. in Beyond Formalism.  311-336.
        • Izenberg, Gerald.  Impossible Individuality: Romanticism, Revolution, and the Origins of Modern Selfhood
        . 

        • Kipperman, Mark.  Beyond Enchantment: German Idealism and English Romantic Poetry

        .
        • McGann, Jerome J.  Towards a Literature of Knowledge.  Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1989.
        • Mellor, Anne K.  English Romantic Irony
        .  Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1980.
        • Milnes, Tim.  Knowledge and Indifference in English Romantic Prose.  Cambridge: CUP, 2003.

        • Newsome, David.  Two Classes of Men: Platonism and English Romantic Thought

        . 
        • Perkins, David.  The Quest for Permanence: the Symbolism of Wordsworth, Shelley and Keats.  Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1959.
        • Piper, H. W.  The Active Universe; Pantheism and the Concept of Imagination in the English Romantic Poets.  London: Athlone, 1962.
        • Rajan, Tillottama.  The Supplement of Reading: Figures of Understanding in Romantic Theory and Practice.  Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1990.
        • Rajan, Tillottama.  Dark Interpreter: the Discourse of Romanticism.  Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1980.
        • Roberts, Andrew.  "Omnipotence and the Romantic Imagination."  English (): 1-21.
        • Rzepka, Charles.  The Self as Mind: Vision and Identity in Wordsworth, Coleridge and Keats
        . 

        • Shenk, H. G.  The Mind of the European Romantics.  1966.

        • Swingle, L. J.  The Obstinate Questionings of English Romanticism. 
        Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1987.

        • Tuveson, E. L.  The Imagination as a Means of Grace: Locke and the Aesthetics of Romanticism.  Berkeley: U of California P, 1960.

        • Van Den Berg, J. H.  The Changing Nature of Man.  New York: Norton, 1961. 

          • See excerpt "The Subject and his Landscape."  Romanticism and Consciousness: Essays in Criticism.  Ed. Harold Bloom.  New York: Norton, 1970.  57-65.

        • Wasserman, Earl R.  "The English Romantics: the Grounds of Knowledge."  Studies in Romanticism 4 (1964): 17-34. 

          • Rpt in Romanticism: Points of View.  Ed. Robert F. Gleckner and Gerald E. Enscoe.  Detroit: Wayne State UP, 1962.  331-346.

        • Wasserman, Earl R.  The Subtler Language.  Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1959.

        • Wimsatt, W. K.  "The Structure of Romantic Nature Imagery."  The Age of Johnson.  New Haven: Yale UP, 1949. 
          • Rpt. in The Verbal Icon.  103-116. 
          • Rpt. in English Romantic Poets: Modern Essays in Criticism.  Ed. M. H. Abrams.  Oxford: OUP, 1960. 

        • Wolfson, Susan.  The Questioning Presence: Wordsworth, Keats, and the Interrogative Mode in Romantic Poetry.  Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1987.

        • Wordsworth, Jonathan.  "The Romantic Imagination."  A Companion to Romanticism.  Ed. Duncan Wu.  Oxford: Blackwell, 1998.  486-504.

      • Socio-Political Issues:

        • Abrams, M. H.  "English Romanticism: the Spirit of the Age."  Romanticism Reconsidered: Selected Papers of the English Institute.  Ed. Northrop Frye.  New York: Columbia UP, 1963.  26-72. 
          • The Correspondent Breeze: Essays in English Romanticism.  New York: Norton, 1984.  44-75.
        • Aers, David, Jonathan Cook, and David Punter, eds.  Romanticism and Ideology: Studies in English Writing, 1765-1830
        .  London: Routledge, 1981. 
        • Bainbridge, Simon.  Napoleon and English Romanticism.  Cambridge: CUP, 2006.

        • Brinton, Crane.  The Political ideas of the English Romantics.  Oxford: OUP, 1926.

        • Butler, Marilyn.  Romantics, Rebels and Reactionaries: English Literature and its Background, 1760-1830
        .  Oxford: OUP, 1980.
        • Cauldwell, Christopher.  "English Poets: (II) the Industrial Revolution" and "English Poets: (III) the Decline of Capitalism."  Illusion and Reality: a Study of the Sources of Poetry.  London: Macmillan, 1937.  Rpt. London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1947.  88-98; 99-122.
          • Rpt. as "English Poets at the Time of the Industrial Revoloution."  Twentieth Century Literary Criticism: a Reader.  Ed. David Lodge.  London: Longman, 1972.  203-210.
          • Rpt. as "The Bourgeois Illusion and Romantic Poetry" in Romanticism: Points of View.  Ed. Robert F. Gleckner and Gerald E. Enscoe.  Detroit: Wayne State UP, 1962.  117-129. 
        • Clubbe, J., and E. Lovell.  English Romanticism: the Grounds of Belief.  De Kalb, IL: , 1983.
        • Comfort, Alex.  Art and Social Responsibility: Lectures in the Ideology of Romanticism.  London: Falcon, 1946.
          • "Art and Social R esponsibility: the Ideology of Romanticism."  Romanticism: Points of View.  Ed. Robert F. Gleckner and Gerald E. Enscoe.  Detroit: Wayne State UP, 1962.  Rpt. 1975.  168-183.
        • Dawson, P. M. S.  "Poetry in an Age of Revolution."  Cambridge Companion to British Romanticism.  Ed. Stuart Curran.  Cambridge: CUP, 1993.  48-73.
        • Dickinson, H. T.  British Radicalism and the French Revolution, 1789–1815.  1985.
        • Frye, Northrop.  "The Drunken Boat: the Revolutionary Element in Romanticism."  Romanticism Reconsidered.  Ed. Frye.  New York: Columbia UP, 1963.  3-25.
        • Harvey, A. D.  English Poetry in a Changing Society 1780-1830.  London: Macmillan, 1980.
        • Janowitz, Anne.  Lyric and Labour in the Romantic Tradition.  Cambridge: CUP, 1998.
        • Janowitz, Anne.  England's Ruins: Poetic Purpose and the National Landscape.  Oxford: Blackwell, 1990.
        • Kaiser, David Aram.  Romanticism, Aesthetics, and Nationalism.  Cambridge: CUP, 1999.
        • Klancher, Jon.  "English Romanticism and Cultural Production."  The New Historicism.  Ed. H. Aram Veeser.  London: Routledge, 1989.  77-89.
        • Magnuson, Paul.  Reading Public Romanticism.  1998.
        • McGann, Jerome J.  "Rethinking Romanticism."  ELH 59 (1992): 735-754.
        • McGann, Jerome J.  The Romantic Ideology: a Critical Investigation. 
        Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1983. 
        • McGann, Jerome J.  "Romanticism and its Ideologies."  Studies in Romanticism 21 (1982): 573-599.
        • Pyle, Forest.  The Ideology of Imagination: Subject and Society in the Discourse of Romanticism.  Stanford: Stanford UP, 1995.
        • Ross, Marlon B.  "Romancing the Nation-State: the Poetics of Romantic Nationalism."  Macropolitics of Nineteenth Century Literature: Nationalism, Exoticism, Imperialism.  Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, .  56-85.
        • Simpson, David.  Romanticism, Nationalism, and the Revolt against Theory.  Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1993.

        • Siskin, Clifford.  The Historicity of Romantic Discourse.  Oxford: OUP, 1988.

        • St. Clair, William.  The Reading Nation in the Romantic Period.  2004.

        • Whale, John.  Imagination under Pressure, 1789–1832: Aesthetics, Politics, and Utility.  Cambridge: CUP, 2000.

        • Williams, Raymond.  The Country and the City.  London: Chatto and Windus, 1973.

        • Williams, Raymond.  The Long Revolution.  London: Chatto and Windus, 1961.  Rev. Ed., 1966; Rpt. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1975..
        • Williams, Raymond.  Culture and Society, 1780-1950.  New York: Columbia UP, 1958. 
          • Williams, Raymond.  "The Romantic Artist."  Culture and Society, 1780-1950.  New York: Columbia UP, 1958.  48-64. 
            • Rpt. in Romanticism: Points of View.  Ed. Robert F. Gleckner and Gerald E. Enscoe.  Detroit: Wayne State UP, 1962.  269-285.
        • Woodring, Carl.  Politics in English Romantic Poetry.  1970.
    • Prose Fiction:
      • Kroeber, Karl.  Romantic Narrative Art.  Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 1960.

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