CONTENTS


HISTORY

ANCIENT (CLASSICAL):
   Epicureanism
   Neoplatonism
   Pre-Socratics
   Pyrrhonian Skepticism
   Sophists
   Stoicism
      Literature & Literary Theory

MEDIEVAL (c.350-c.1400):
   Literature & Literary Theory


EARLY MODERN:
   Renaissance (c.1400-c.1600):
      Literature & Literary Theory

   17th & 18th Century (c.1600-c.1785):
      Literature & Literary Theory

19th CENTURY (c.1785-c.1890):
   Romanticisms & Neo-Romanticisms:
      German & Anglo-American Idealism
      Existentialism
         Literature & Literary Theory
   'Victorian' Positivism:
         Literature & Literary Theory

20th CENTURY:
   Analytic Philosophy:
      Logical Atomism
      Logical Positivism
      Ordinary Language
      Recent

         Aesthetics
   Anglo-American Modernisms:
      'High' Modernism
      Liberal Humanism
      Myth Criticism
      Neo-Aristotelianism
      New Criticism
   Continental Philosophy:
      Idealism:
            Literary Theory

      Marxism:
         Frankfurt School
            Literary Theory
      Phenomenology:
         Existentialism
         Hermeneutics
            Literary Theory

      Psychoanalysis:
         Literary Theory

            Object-Relations Theory
            Jungian Analytical Psychology:
               Literary Theory
      (Post-)Structuralisms:
         Deconstruction:
            Literary Theory

         Deleuzean Theory:
            Literary Theory

         Dialogism (Bakhtin Circle):
            Literary Theory

         Foucauldian Theory:
            Literary Theory

         Semiotics / Structuralism:
            Literary Theory:
               Russian Formalism

         Structuralist Marxism:
            Literary Theory

         Structuralist Psychoanalysis:
            Literary Theory

   Pragmatism:
      Literary Theory


REGIONS

AFRICA AND AFRICAN DIASPORA:
   Literature & Literary Theory

ASIA:
      Central Asia
      East Asia (Chinese):
         Literature & Literary Theory
      South Asia (Indian):
         Literature & Literary Theory
      South-East Asia


AUSTRALASIA:
   Literature & Literary Theory

CANADA:
   Literature & Literary Theory

CARIBBEAN:
   Literature & Literary Theory

EUROPE
:
      Central Europe
      Eastern Europe:
         Russia:
            Literature & Literary Theory

      Northern Europe (Scandinavia):
         Literature & Literary Theory

      Southern Europe:
         Greece
            Literature & Literary Theory

         Italy
            Literature & Literary Theory

         Spain
            Literature & Literary Theory

      Western Europe:
         Eire
            Literature & Literary Theory
         France
            Literature & Literary Theory
         Germany
            Literature & Literary Theory
         UK:
            Scotland
            Wales
               Literature & Literary Theory

LATIN AMERICA:
   Literature & Literary Theory

MIDDLE EAST:
   Arabic/Islamic Thought:
      Literature & Literary Theory
   Israeli/Jewish Thought:
      Literature & Literary Theory

USA
:
   Literature & Literary Theory
   African American:
      Literature & Literary Theory
   Native American:
      Literature & Literary Theory


TOPICS

 

ARTS:
   Architecture
   Arts (Performing)
   Arts (Visual and Plastic)
   Film
   Literature:
      Audience
      Author
      Literary Form & Genre:
         Drama
         Poetry
         Prose
      Literary Historicism
      Lit. History, Intertextuality, Canonicity
      Metaliterature
      Literary Representation (Realism)

   Music
 

BEING


COMMUNICATION:
   Interpretation
   Language
        Linguistic Criticism/Literary Stylistics

   Reasoning: Logic, Rhetoric, Argument
 

EDUCATION

 

GEOGRAPHY & THE ENVIRONMENT:
   Ecocriticism

 

HUMAN BEING:
   Body:

      Gender (Feminist Theory)
      Race (Critical Race Theory)

      Sexuality (Queer Theory):

         Queer Critical Theory

   Mind:
     
Cognitive & Psychological Criticism

   Self:
      Writing the Self

 

KNOWLEDGE

METAPHILOSOPHY / METATHEORY
 

MORALITY:

   Ethical Criticism
 

RELIGION:
   Religion and Literature


NATURAL SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY:
   Biology & Medical Sciences:

      Darwinist (Evolutionary) Criticism
   Chemistry

   Information Technology
   Mathematics
   
Physics

SOCIAL FORMATION
:

   Culture
   Economics
  
History
   Law

   Politics
   Society
 

SPORTS
 


GENERAL

ASSOCIATIONS
CAREERS
CONFERENCES
JOURNALS
PHOTOS
PRIMARY SOURCES
SECONDARY SOURCES

TEACHING AND LEARNING
WWW GATEWAYS

 


ALTERNATIVE STANDPOINTS

Feminist Theory:
   Aesthetics/ Critical Theory

Post-colonial Theory:
   Aesthetics / Critical Theory
 

 

AFRICAN AMERICAN THOUGHT


SUB-PAGES

Philosophers / Theorists:

Topics:

Feminist / Womanist:


ASSOCIATIONS

CONFERENCES

2007:

  • Race, Memory and Reclamation, School of American Studies, University of East Anglia, September 7-9

  • Living Together, Working Together: African-American Miners and the Coal Culture of Southwestern Pennsylvania, 1870-1970, Coal and Coke Heritage Center, Pennsylvania State University, Fayette, March 16

2006:

  • The African Presence and Influence on the Cultures of the Americas: an Interdisciplinary Conference, City University of New York, November 6-9

  • Third Biennial Conference, Association for the Study of the Worldwide African Diaspora (ASWAD), Rio do Janeiro, October 5-7

  • Variations on Blackness: Race-Making in the Americas and the World, Indiana University, Blomington, March 30-April

2005:

2004:

  • Africana Culture, Religion and Philosophy, 2nd Annual Research Symposium, African American Studies Program's Institute for African American Policy Research, University of Houston, 

  • Black Aesthetics and the Politics of Recognition, Philosophy Born of Struggle XI, Rutgers University, Douglass campus, October 22-23

  • Regarding Michael Jackson: Performing Racial, Gender, and Sexual Difference, African American Studies Department and the Larry Kramer Initiative for Lesbian and Gay Studies, Yale University, September 24-25

  • Temples for Tomorrow: the Harlem Renaissance: New Readings and Contexts, Department of English, Rhode Island College, May 7 and 8

  • The Ties that Bind II: Africa Dispersed, first annual African Diaspora Conference, Africana Studies program, Barry University, April 2, 2004

2003:

  • African American Nationalism(s), University of Tours, November 28-30

  • Rethinking the Intellectual Life, Philosophy Born of Struggle X, Rutgers University, October 24-25

  • Black Being and Consciousness, Department of Humanities, Central State University, Wilberforce, Ohio, May 29

2002:

2001:

2000:

  • Slavery and Reparations, Philosophy Born of Struggle VII, 

1999:

  • Civil Liberties in the New Millennium, Philosophy Born of Struggle VI, 

1998:

  • The Family and Intellectual Life, Philosophy Born of Struggle V, 

1997:

  • Black Enlightenment and the Future of the Race, Philosophy Born of Struggle IV, 

1996:

  • The Harlem Renaissance, the Black Enlightenment, Philosophy Born of Struggle III, 

1995:

  • African American Philosophy, Philosophy Born of Struggle II, 

1994:

  • Philosophy Born of Struggle

1970:

  • Philosophy and Black Liberation, University of Illinois, Chicago

Annual:

COURSES

JOURNALS

SOURCES: PRIMARY

Off-Line:

  • Anthologies:
    • Allan, Norm R., Jr., ed.  African American Humanism.  New York: Prometheus, 1991.

    • Allan, Norm R., ed.  The Black Humanist Experience:  an Alternative to Religion.  New York: Prometheus, 2003.

    • Flack, Harley E., and Edmund D. Pelligrino, eds.  African-American Perspectives on Biomedical Ethics.  Washington, D.C.: Georgetown UP, 1992.  133-149.
    • Gordon, Lewis, ed.  Existence in Black: an Anthology of Black Existential Philosophy.  London: Routledge, 1997.
    • Harris, Leonard, ed.  Philosophy Born of Struggle: Anthology of Afro-American Philosophy from 1917.  Dubuque, IA: Kendall / Hunt, 1983.
    • Hord, Fred Lee, Jonathan Scott Lee, eds.  I AM BECAUSE WE ARE: Readings in Black Philosophy.  Amherst: U of Massachusetts P, 1995.
    • Johnson, Percy E., ed.  Afro-American Philosophies: from Jupiter Hammon to Eugene C. Holmes.  Upper Montclair, NJ: Montclair State College Press, 1970.
    • Lawson, Bill, and Howard McGary, eds.  Between Slavery and Freedom: Philosophy and American Slavery.  Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1992.
    • Lott, Tommy, ed.  African American Philosophy: Selected Readings.  Pearson Higher Education, 2001.
    • Montmarquet, James A., and William H. Hardy, eds.  Reflections: an Anthology of African American PhilosophyBelmont, CA:  Wadsworth, 2000. 
    • Pittman, John P., ed.  African American Perspectives and Philosophical Traditions.  London: Routledge, 1996.

    • Van DeBurg, William, ed. Modern Black Nationalism: from Marcus Garvey to Louis Farrakhan.  New York: New York UP, 1997.

  • Book Series:
  • Selected Individual Works:
    • Anderson, Victor.  Beyond Ontological Blackness.  New York: Continuum, 1999.
    • Bernal, Martin.  Black Athena: the Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilisation.  New Brunswick: Rutgers UP.
      • The Archaeological and Documentary Evidence.  Vol. 2  1991.
      • The Fabrication of Ancient Greece.  Vol. 1.  1987.
    • Carruthers, Jacob.  Essays in Ancient Egyptian Studies.  Los Angeles: U of Sankore P, 1984.
    • Carruthers, Jacob.  Mdw: Divine Speech: a Historiographical Reflection on African Deep Thought from the Time of the Pharaohs to the Present.  London: , 1995.
    • Cox, Oliver Cromwell.  Race, Caste and Class.  
    • Herskovitz, Melville J.  The Myth of the Negro Past.  Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1970.
    • hooks, bell.  "Postmodern Blackness."  Colonial Discourse and Post-Colonial Theory.  Ed. Patrick Williams and Laura Chrisman.  New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993.  421-27.
    • James, George.  Stolen Legacy.  Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1990.  (1954)

    • Jones, Richard A.  African-American Sociopolitical Philosophy: Imagining Black Communities.  Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen, 2004.
    • Jordan, Winthrop D.  White Over Black: American Attitudes toward the Negro, 1550-1812.  U of North Carolina P, 1968.
    • Keto, C. Tsehloane.  The Africa Centred Perspective of History and Social Sciences in the Twenty-First Century.  Blackwood: B & K, 1991.
    • Keto, C. Tsehloane.  Identity and Time: an Afrocentric Paradigm and the Study of the Past. Blackwood: B &K, 1995.

    • McClendon, John H.  "Black Sociology: Another Name for Black Subjectivity.”  Freedomways 20.1 (1980): .

    • McClendon, John H.  "Afro-American Philosophers and Philosophy: a Neglected Theme in Black Intellectual History.”  Afro-Scholar Working Papers No. 7Urbana: Afro-American Studies and Research Program, U of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. 1981.

    • McClendon, John H.  "Dr. Holmes, the Philosopher Rebel.”  Freedomways 22.1 (1982): .

    • McClendon, John H.  "The Afro-American Philosopher and the Philosophy of the Black Experience: a Bibliographical Essay on a Neglected Topic in both Philosophy and Black Studies.”  Sage Race Relation Abstracts (1982): .

    • Moses, Greg.  Revolution and Conscience: Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Philosophy of Nonviolence.  New York: Guilford, 1997.

    • Nobles, Wade.  "Ancient Egyptian Thought and the Development of African (Black) Psychology."  Kemet and the African World View.  Ed. Maulana Karenga, and Jacob Carruthers.  Los Angeles: U of Sankore P, 1984.

    • Omi, Michael, and Howard Winant.  Racial Formation in the United States.  New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1986.

    • Nobles, Wade W.  “African Philosophy: Foundations for Black Psychology.”  Black Psychology. Ed. Reginald L. Jones.  New York: Harper and Row, 1972.

    • Smitherman, Geneva.  Black Talk.  1994.  
    • Smitherman, Geneva.  Talking and Testifyin: the Language of Black America.  Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1971.
    • Steele, Shelby.  The Content of Our Character: a New Vision of Race in America.  

    • Steele, Shelby.  A Dream Deferred: the Second Betrayal of Black Freedom in America.  

    • Tembo, Mwizenge.  "The Concept of African Personality: Sociological Implications."  African Culture: the Rhythms of Unity.  Ed. Molefi Asante, and Kariamu Welsh Asante.  Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1990.  195-206.

    • Williams, Robert C.  "Afro-American Folklore as a Philosophical Source.”  Philosophy of Social Science (1976): .

    • Wortham, Anne.  The Other Side of Racism: Philosophical Study of Black Race Consciousness, Columbus: Ohio State UP, 1981.

On-Line:

SOURCES: SECONDARY

Off-Line:

  • Anthologies:
    • Appiah, Kwame Anthony, and Henry Louis Gates, Jr., eds.  AFRICANA: the Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience.  New York: Basic Civitas Books, 1999.
    • Lott, Tommy and John Pittman, eds.  Companion to African American Philosophy.  Oxford: Blackwell, 2003.

  • Selected Individual Works:
    • Appiah, Kwame Anthony.  "Europe Upside Down: Fallacies of the New Afrocentrism."  Times Literary Supplement February 12, 1993: 24-25.
    • Appiah, Kwame Anthony.  "African American Philosophy?"  The Philosophical Forum 24.1-3 (1992-1993): .
    • Baines, John.  "The Aims and Methods of Black Athena."  Black Athena Revisited.  Ed. Mary R. Lefkowitz, and Guy Maclean Rogers.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  27-48.
    • Bard, Kathryn A.  "Ancient Egyptians and the Issue of Race."  Black Athena Revisited.  Ed. Mary R. Lefkowitz, and Guy Maclean Rogers.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  103-111.
    • Coleman, John.  "Did Egypt Shape the Glory that was Greece?"  Black Athena Revisited.  Ed. Mary R. Lefkowitz, and Guy Maclean Rogers.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  280-302.

    • Encyclopedia of African American Culture and History.  New York: Macmillan, 1996.

    • Encyclopedia of African Religious and Philosophy.  New York: Garland, 1996.

    • Gossett, T.  Race; the History of an Idea in America.  New York: Schocken, 1963.

    • Hall, Edith.  "When Is a Myth Not a Myth?  Bernal’s Ancient Model."  Black Athena Revisited.  Ed. Mary R. Lefkowitz, and Guy Maclean Rogers.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  333-348.
    • Hilliard, Constance.  Intellectual Traditions of Pre-Colonial Africa.  New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997.
    • Howe, Stephen.  Afrocentrism: Mythical Pasts and Imagined Homes.  London: Verso, 1998.
    • Jasanoff, Jay, and Alan Nussbaum.  "Word Games: the Linguistic Evidence in Black Athena."  Black Athena Revisited.  Ed. Mary R. Lefkowitz and Guy Maclean Rogers.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  177-205.
    • Jenkyns, Richard.  "Bernal and the Nineteenth Century."  Black Athena Revisited.  Ed. Mary R. Lefkowitz and Guy Maclean Rogers.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  411-420.
    • Jordan, Winthrop D.  White Over Black: American Attitudes Toward the Negro, 1550-1812.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1968.

    • Kelley, Robin.  Freedom Dreams: the Black Radical Imagination.  

    • Kelley, Robin, and George Lipsitz.  Race Rebels: Culture, Politics and the Black Working Class.  

    • Lefkowitz, Mary R. "Ancient History, Modern Myths."  Black Athena Revisited.  Ed. Mary R. Lefkowitz, and Guy Maclean Rogers.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  3-23.
    • Lefkowitz, Mary R.  Not Out of Africa: How Afrocentrism Became an Excuse to Teach Myth as History.  New York: , 1996.
    • Lefkowitz, Mary R., and Guy Maclean Rogers, eds.  Black Athena Revisited.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  

    • Liverani, Mario.  "The Bathwater and the Baby."  Black Athena Revisited.  Ed. Mary R. Lefkowitz, and Guy Maclean Rogers.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  421-427.

    • Mazama, Ama, ed.  The Afrocentric Paradigm.  Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 2003.

    • Moses, Wilson Jeremiah.  Creative Conflict in African American Thought.  Cambridge: CUP, 2004.

    • Moses, Wilson Jeremiah.  Afrotopia: the Roots of African American Popular History.  Cambridge: CUP, 1998.

    • Moses, Wilson Jeremiah.  Liberian Dreams: Back to Africa Narratives from the 1850s.  University Park: Pennsylvania State UP, 1998.

    • Moses, Wilson Jeremiah.  Classical Black Nationalism: from the American Revolution to Marcus Garvey.  New York: New York UP, 1996.

    • Moses, Wilson Jeremiah.  The Golden Age of Black Nationalism, 1850-1925.  Oxford: OUP, 1988.

    • Norton, Robert.  "The Tyranny of Germany Over Greece? Bernal, Herder, and the German Appropriation of Greece."  Black Athena Revisited.  Ed. Mary R. Lefkowitz and Guy Maclean Rogers.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  403-410.

    • Robinson, Cedric J.  Black Marxism: the Making of the Black Radical Tradition.  London: Zed, 1983.

    • Rodriguez, Richard.  Brown: the Last Discovery of America.  New York: Viking, 2002.

    • Rogers, Guy Maclean.  "Multiculturalism and the Foundations of Western Civilisation."  Black Athena Revisited.  Ed. Mary R. Lefkowitz, and Guy Maclean Rogers.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  428-443.
    • Shavit, Yaacov.  History in Black: African Americans in Search of an Ancient Past.  London: Frank Cass, 2001.
    • Snowden, Frank.  "Bernal’s ‘Blacks’ and the Afrocentrists."  Black Athena Revisited.  Ed. Mary R. Lefkowitz and Guy Maclean Rogers.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  112-128.
    • Tritle, Lawrence.  "Black Athena: Vision or Dream of Greek Origins?"  Black Athena Revisited.  Ed. Mary R. Lefkowitz, and Guy Maclean Rogers.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  303-330.
    • Turner, James E., ed.  The Next Decade: Theoretical and Research Issues in Africana Research.  Ithaca: Africana Studies and Research Center, Cornell University, 1984.

    • Vermeule, Emily.  "The World Turned Upside Down."  Black Athena Revisited.  Ed. Mary R. Lefkowitz, and Guy Maclean Rogers.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  269-279.
    • Yancy, George, ed.  African-American Philosophers: 17 Conversations.  London: Routledge, 1998.  

    • Yurco, Frank J.  "Black Athena: the Egyptological Evidence."  Black Athena Revisited.  Ed. Mary R. Lefkowitz, and Guy Maclean Rogers.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  62-100.

On-Line:

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Canada:

USA:

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