HISTORY

 

ANCIENT THOUGHT (c.700 BCE-300 CE):

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Classical Literature

 

MEDIEVAL THOUGHT (c.300-c.1400):

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Medieval Literature

 

RENAISSANCE THOUGHT (c.1400-c.1600):

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Renaissance Literature

 

EARLY MODERN THOUGHT (c.1600-c.1785):

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Neoclassical Literature

 

NINETEENTH CENTURY THOUGHT:

bullet Romanticism (c.1785-1830):
bullet Romantic Literature
bullet Mid-Century & Fin de Siècle (1830-1900) Thought:
bullet 'Victorian' Literature

 

TWENTIETH CENTURY THOUGHT:

bullet Analytic Philosophy
bullet Continental Theory:
bullet Idealism
bullet Marxism
bullet Phenomenology, Existentialism, Hermeneutics
bullet Psychoanalysis
bullet (Post-)Structuralisms:
bullet Deconstruction
bullet Deleuzean Theory
bullet Dialogism (Bakhtin Circle)
bullet Foucauldian Discourse Theory
bullet Saussurean Semiology / Structuralism
bullet Structuralist Marxism
bullet Structuralist Psychoanalysis
bullet Feminist Theory
bullet Modernism, Myth & New Criticism
bullet Post-colonial Theory
bullet Pragmatism
 
bullet Twentieth Century Literature

 

REGIONS

 

AFRICAN AND AFRICAN DIASPORIC THOUGHT:

bullet

Literature

 

ASIAN THOUGHT:

bullet Central Asia
bullet East Asian Thought:
bullet Literature
bullet South Asian Thought:
bullet Literature
bullet South-East Asia

 

AUSTRALASIAN THOUGHT:

bullet

Literature

 

CANADIAN THOUGHT:

bullet

Literature

 

CARIBBEAN THOUGHT:

bullet

Literature

 

EUROPEAN THOUGHT:

bullet Central Europe
bullet Eastern Europe:
bullet Russia:
bullet Literature
bullet Northern Europe:
bullet Literature
bullet Southern Europe:
bullet Greece:
bullet Literature
bullet Italy:
bullet Literature
bullet Spain:
bullet Literature
bullet Western Europe:
bullet France:
bullet Literature
bullet Germany:
bullet Literature
bullet UK and Eire:
bullet Literature

 

LATIN AMERICAN THOUGHT:

bullet

Literature

 

MIDDLE EASTERN THOUGHT:

bullet Arabic/Islamic Thought:
bullet Literature
bullet Israeli/Jewish Thought:
bullet Literature

 

USA: AMERICAN THOUGHT:

bullet

Literature
bullet African American Thought:
bullet Literature
bullet Native American Thought

 

TOPICS

 

ARTS:

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Architecture
bullet

Film
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Literature:

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Author
bullet

Literary Form & Genre:

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Drama
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Poetry
bullet

Prose
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Literary History, Intertextuality, Canonicity
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Metaliterature
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Reader
bullet

Representation
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Music

 

BEING

 

COMMUNICATION:

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Linguistics, Philosophy of Language, & Logic
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Rhetoric, Discourse Theory, & Argumentation Theory
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Semiotics

 

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Language and Literature

 

EDUCATION

 

HISTORY

 

THE HUMAN BEING (BODY, MIND, SELF):

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Philosophy of Mind & Cognitive Science
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Psychology

 

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Gender
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Race
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Sexuality

 

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Literature, the Mind & the Self

 

KNOWLEDGE

 

METAPHILOSOPHY / METATHEORY

 

MORALITY:

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Morality and Literature

 

NATURE (NATURAL SCIENCES):

bullet

Nature and Literature

 

RELIGION:

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Religion and Literature

 

SOCIETY (SOCIAL SCIENCES):

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Anthropology
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Cultural Studies
bullet

Economics
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Human Geography
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Law
bullet

Politics
bullet

Sociology

 

SPORTS
 

GENERAL

ASSOCIATIONS

CAREERS

CONFERENCES

JOURNALS

PHOTOS

PRIMARY SOURCES

SECONDARY SOURCES

TEACHING AND LEARNING

WWW GATEWAYS

 

  

AFRICAN AMERICAN THOUGHT

SUB-PAGES

Topics:

Feminist / Womanist:

ASSOCIATIONS

CONFERENCES

2008:

2007:

  • Race, Memory and Reclamation, School of American Studies, University of East Anglia, September 7-9

  • Living Together, Working Together: African-American Miners and the Coal Culture of Southwestern Pennsylvania, 1870-1970, Coal and Coke Heritage Center, Pennsylvania State University, Fayette, March 16

2006:

  • The African Presence and Influence on the Cultures of the Americas: an Interdisciplinary Conference, City University of New York, November 6-9

  • Third Biennial Conference, Association for the Study of the Worldwide African Diaspora (ASWAD), Rio do Janeiro, October 5-7

  • Variations on Blackness: Race-Making in the Americas and the World, Indiana University, Blomington, March 30-April

2005:

2004:

  • Africana Culture, Religion and Philosophy, 2nd Annual Research Symposium, African American Studies Program's Institute for African American Policy Research, University of Houston, 

  • Black Aesthetics and the Politics of Recognition, Philosophy Born of Struggle XI, Rutgers University, Douglass campus, October 22-23

  • Regarding Michael Jackson: Performing Racial, Gender, and Sexual Difference, African American Studies Department and the Larry Kramer Initiative for Lesbian and Gay Studies, Yale University, September 24-25

  • Temples for Tomorrow: the Harlem Renaissance: New Readings and Contexts, Department of English, Rhode Island College, May 7 and 8

  • The Ties that Bind II: Africa Dispersed, first annual African Diaspora Conference, Africana Studies program, Barry University, April 2, 2004

2003:

  • African American Nationalism(s), University of Tours, November 28-30

  • Rethinking the Intellectual Life, Philosophy Born of Struggle X, Rutgers University, October 24-25

  • Black Being and Consciousness, Department of Humanities, Central State University, Wilberforce, Ohio, May 29

2002:

2001:

2000:

  • Slavery and Reparations, Philosophy Born of Struggle VII, 

1999:

  • Civil Liberties in the New Millennium, Philosophy Born of Struggle VI, 

1998:

  • The Family and Intellectual Life, Philosophy Born of Struggle V, 

1997:

  • Black Enlightenment and the Future of the Race, Philosophy Born of Struggle IV, 

1996:

  • The Harlem Renaissance, the Black Enlightenment, Philosophy Born of Struggle III, 

1995:

  • African American Philosophy, Philosophy Born of Struggle II, 

1994:

  • Philosophy Born of Struggle, 

1970:

  • Philosophy and Black Liberation, University of Illinois, Chicago

Annual:

COURSES

JOURNALS

PHILOSOPHERS / THEORISTS

SOURCES: PRIMARY

Book Series:

Off-Line:

  • Anthologies:

    • Allan, Norm R., Jr., ed.  African American Humanism.  New York: Prometheus, 1991.

    • Allan, Norm R., ed.  The Black Humanist Experience:  an Alternative to Religion.  New York: Prometheus, 2003.

    • Flack, Harley E., and Edmund D. Pelligrino, eds.  African-American Perspectives on Biomedical Ethics.  Washington, D.C.: Georgetown UP, 1992.  133-149.
    • Gordon, Lewis R., ed.  Existence in Black: an Anthology of Black Existential Philosophy.  London: Routledge, 1997.
    • Harris, Leonard, ed.  Philosophy Born of Struggle: Anthology of Afro-American Philosophy from 1917.  Dubuque, IA: Kendall / Hunt, 1983.  Rpt. 2000.
    • Hord, Fred Lee, and Jonathan Scott Lee, eds.  I AM BECAUSE WE ARE: Readings in Black Philosophy.  Amherst: U of Massachusetts P, 1995.
    • Johnson, Percy E., ed.  Afro-American Philosophies: from Jupiter Hammon to Eugene C. Holmes.  Upper Montclair, NJ: Montclair State College Press, 1970.
    • Lawson, Bill, and Howard McGary, eds.  Between Slavery and Freedom: Philosophy and American Slavery.  Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1992.
    • Lott, Tommy L., ed.  African American Philosophy: Selected Readings.  Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Higher Education, 2001.
    • Montmarquet, James A., and William H. Hardy, eds.  Reflections: an Anthology of African American Philosophy.  Belmont, CA:  Wadsworth, 2000. 

    • Pittman, John P., ed.  African American Perspectives and Philosophical Traditions.  London: Routledge, 1996.

    • Van DeBurg, William, ed. Modern Black Nationalism: from Marcus Garvey to Louis Farrakhan.  New York: New York UP, 1997.

    • Arts:

      • Baker, Houston A.  Reading Black: Essays in the Criticism of African, Caribbean, and Black American Literature.  Africana Studies and Research Center Monograph Series, no. 4.  Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1976.
      • Chapman, Abraham, ed.  Black Voices: an Anthology of African American Literature.  New York: Mentor, 1968.
      • Gayle, Addison, ed..  The Black Aesthetic.  Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1971.
      • Ervin, Hazel Arnett, ed. African American Literary Criticism, 1773-2000.  New York: Twayne, 1999.
      • Gates, Henry Louis, ed.  Black Literature and Literary Theory.  New York: Methuen, 1984.  Rpt. 1990.
      • Gates, Henry Louis, and Nellie Y. McKay, eds. The Norton Anthology of African American Literature.  New York: Norton, 1997.
      • Gates, Henry Louis, ed.  ‘Race,’ Writing and Difference.  Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1986.
      • Mitchell, Angelyn, ed.  Within the Circle: an Anthology of African American Literary Criticism from the Harlem Renaissance to the Present.  Durham: Duke UP, 1994.
      • Napier, Winston, ed.  African American Literary Theory: a Reader.  New York: New York UP, 2000.
  • Selected Individual Works:
    • Anderson, Victor.  Beyond Ontological Blackness.  New York: Continuum, 1999.
    • Bernal, Martin.  Black Athena: the Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilisation.  New Brunswick: Rutgers UP.
      • The Archaeological and Documentary Evidence.  Vol. 2  1991.
      • The Fabrication of Ancient Greece.  Vol. 1.  1987.
    • Bunche, Ralph J.  Selected Speeches and Writings.  Ed. Charles P. Henry.  Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1995.
      • "Marxism and the 'Negro Question.'"  African American Philosophy: Selected Readings.  Ed. Tommy L. Lott.  Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Higher Education, 2001.  271-281.
      • "Race and Alienation."  African American Philosophy: Selected Readings.  Ed. Tommy L. Lott.  Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Higher Education, 2001.  479-487.
    • Bunche, Ralph J.  A World View of Race.  Washington, D.C.: Associates in Negro Folk Education, 1936.
    • Carruthers, Jacob.  Essays in Ancient Egyptian Studies.  Los Angeles: U of Sankore P, 1984.
    • Carruthers, Jacob.  Mdw: Divine Speech: a Historiographical Reflection on African Deep Thought from the Time of the Pharaohs to the Present.  London: , 1995.
    • Cox, Oliver Cromwell.  Race, Caste and Class.  
    • Herskovitz, Melville J.  The Myth of the Negro Past.  Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1970.
    • hooks, bell.  "Postmodern Blackness."  Colonial Discourse and Post-Colonial Theory.  Ed. Patrick Williams and Laura Chrisman.  New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993.  421-27.

    • James, George.  Stolen Legacy.  Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1990.  (1954)

    • Jones, Richard A.  African-American Sociopolitical Philosophy: Imagining Black Communities.  Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen, 2004.
    • Jordan, Winthrop D.  White Over Black: American Attitudes toward the Negro, 1550-1812.  U of North Carolina P, 1968.
    • Judy, Ronald  A. T.  "Kant and Knowledge of Disappearing Expression."  A Companion to African American Philosophy.  Ed. Tommy L. Lott and John Pittman.  Oxford: Blackwell, 2003.  110-124.
    • Keto, C. Tsehloane.  The Africa Centred Perspective of History and Social Sciences in the Twenty-First Century.  Blackwood: B & K, 1991.

    • Keto, C. Tsehloane.  Identity and Time: an Afrocentric Paradigm and the Study of the Past. Blackwood: B &K, 1995.

    • Kirkland, Frank M.  "Modernisms in Black."  A Companion to African American Philosophy.  Ed. Tommy L. Lott and John Pittman.  Oxford: Blackwell, 2003.  67-86.

    • McClendon, John H.  "Black Sociology: Another Name for Black Subjectivity.”  Freedomways 20.1 (1980): .

    • McClendon, John H.  "Afro-American Philosophers and Philosophy: a Neglected Theme in Black Intellectual History.”  Afro-Scholar Working Papers No. 7.  Urbana: Afro-American Studies and Research Program, U of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. 1981.

    • McClendon, John H.  "Dr. Holmes, the Philosopher Rebel.”  Freedomways 22.1 (1982): .

    • McClendon, John H.  "The Afro-American Philosopher and the Philosophy of the Black Experience: a Bibliographical Essay on a Neglected Topic in both Philosophy and Black Studies.”  Sage Race Relation Abstracts (1982): .

    • Moses, Greg.  Revolution and Conscience: Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Philosophy of Nonviolence.  New York: Guilford, 1997.

    • Nobles, Wade.  "Ancient Egyptian Thought and the Development of African (Black) Psychology."  Kemet and the African World View.  Ed. Maulana Karenga, and Jacob Carruthers.  Los Angeles: U of Sankore P, 1984.

    • Omi, Michael, and Howard Winant.  Racial Formation in the United States.  New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1986.

    • Nobles, Wade W.  “African Philosophy: Foundations for Black Psychology.”  Black Psychology. Ed. Reginald L. Jones.  New York: Harper and Row, 1972.

    • Smitherman, Geneva.  Black Talk.  1994.  
    • Smitherman, Geneva.  Talking and Testifyin: the Language of Black America.  Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1971.

    • Steele, Shelby.  The Content of Our Character: a New Vision of Race in America.  

    • Steele, Shelby.  A Dream Deferred: the Second Betrayal of Black Freedom in America.  

    • Tembo, Mwizenge.  "The Concept of African Personality: Sociological Implications."  African Culture: the Rhythms of Unity.  Ed. Molefi Asante, and Kariamu Welsh Asante.  Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1990.  195-206.

    • Williams, Robert C.  "Afro-American Folklore as a Philosophical Source.”  Philosophy of Social Science (1976): .

    • Wortham, Anne.  The Other Side of Racism: Philosophical Study of Black Race Consciousness, Columbus: Ohio State UP, 1981.

    • Arts:

      • Awkward, Michael.  "Appropriate Gestures: Theory and Afro-American Literary Criticism."  1988.
      • Brown, Sterling.  "Our Literary Audience."  1930.
      • Chesnutt, Charles.  "Second Journal."  1880.
      • Christian, Barbara.  "The Race for Theory."  1987.  Rpt. in The Nature and the Context of Minority Discourse.  Ed. Abdul R. JanMohamed and David Lloyd.  Oxford: OUP, 1990.  37-49.
      • Davis, Arthur P.  "Integration and Race Literature."  1956.  Rpt. in Black Voices: an Anthology of African American Literature.  Ed. Abraham Chapman.  New York: Mentor, 1968.  606-622.
      • Edwards, Jay.  "Structural Analysis of the Afro-American Folk Tale."  Black Literature and Literary Theory.  Ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr.  New York: Methuen, 1984.  81-103.
      • Fuller, Hoyt W.  "The New Black Literature: Protest or Affirmation?"  The Black Aesthetic.  Ed. Addison Gayle, Jr.  Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1971.  346-369.
      • Fuller, Hoyt.  "Towards a Black Aesthetic."  The Black Aesthetic.  Ed. Addison Gayle.  1968.
      • Gerald, Carolyn "The Black Writer and his Role."  1969.
      • Henderson, Stephen E.  "The Forms of Things Unknown."  Understanding the New Black Poetry: Black Speech and Black Music as Poetic References.  1971.
      • Henderson, Stephen E.  "The Question of Form and Judgement in Contemporary Black American Poetry."  A Dark and Sudden Beauty: Two Essays in Black American Poetry by George Kent and Stephen Henderson.   Philadelphia: Afro-American Studies Program, University of Pennsylvania, 1977.
      • Hubbard, Dolan.  "Voices and Visions."  The Sermon and the African American Imagination.  1994.  
      • Jackson, Blyden.  "The Negro’s Image of the Universe as Reflected in his Fiction."  1960.  Rpt. in Black Voices: an Anthology of African American Literature.  Ed. Abraham Chapman.  New York: Mentor, 1968.  623-631.
      • Joyce, Joyce A.  "The Black Canon: Reconstructing Black American Literary Criticism."  1987.
      • Joyce, Joyce A.  "The Problem with Silence and Exclusiveness in the African American Literary Community."  1993-1994.
      • Joyce, Joyce A.  Warriors, Conjurers and Priests: Defining African-Centered Literary Criticism.  1994.
      • Morrison, Toni.  Playing in the Dark.  New York: Vintage, 1992.
      • Petry, Ann.  "The Novel as Social Criticism."  1950.
      • Schuyler, George.  "The Negro-Art Hokum."  1926.
      • Snead, James.  "European Pedigrees / African Contagions: Narrative and Communality in Tutuola, Achebe and Reed."  Nation and Narration. London: Routledge, 1990.  231-249.
      • Snead, James.  "Repetition as a Figure of Black Culture."  Black Literature and Literary Theory.  Ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr.  New York: Methuen, 1984.  59-79.
      • Stepto, Robert B.  From Beyond the Veil: a Study of Afro-American Narrative.  Urbana, IL: U of Illinois P, 1979.
      • Stepto, Robert B.  "Teaching African American Literature: Survey or Tradition."  Afro-American Literature: the Reconstruction of Instruction.  Ed. Dexter Fisher and Robert B. Stepto.  New York: MLA, 1979.  8-24. 
      • Tate, Claudia.  Psychoanalysis and Black Novels: Desire and the Protocols of Race.  Oxford: OUP, 1998.

      • Tate, Claudia.  "Freud and his 'Negro': Psychoanalysis as Ally and Enemy of African-Americans."  Journal for the Psychoanalysis of Culture and Society 1.1 (1996): .

On-Line:

SOURCES: SECONDARY

Off-Line:

  • Anthologies:
    • Appiah, Kwame Anthony, and Henry Louis Gates, Jr., eds.  AFRICANA: the Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience.  New York: Basic Civitas Books, 1999.

    • Gordon, Lewis R., and Jane Anna Gordon, eds.  A Companion to African-American Studies.  Oxford: Blackwell, 2006.

    • Lott, Tommy L., and John Pittman, eds.  A Companion to African American Philosophy.  Oxford: Blackwell, 2003.

    • Arts:

      • Fisher, Dexter, and Robert B. Stepto, ed.  Afro-American Literature: the Reconstruction of Instruction.  New York: MLA, 1979. 

  • Selected Individual Works:
    • Appiah, Kwame Anthony.  "Europe Upside Down: Fallacies of the New Afrocentrism."  Times Literary Supplement February 12, 1993: 24-25.
    • Appiah, Kwame Anthony.  "African American Philosophy?"  The Philosophical Forum 24.1-3 (1992-1993): .
    • Baines, John.  "The Aims and Methods of Black Athena."  Black Athena Revisited.  Ed. Mary R. Lefkowitz, and Guy Maclean Rogers.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  27-48.
    • Bard, Kathryn A.  "Ancient Egyptians and the Issue of Race."  Black Athena Revisited.  Ed. Mary R. Lefkowitz, and Guy Maclean Rogers.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  103-111.

    • Coleman, John.  "Did Egypt Shape the Glory that was Greece?"  Black Athena Revisited.  Ed. Mary R. Lefkowitz, and Guy Maclean Rogers.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  280-302.

    • Encyclopedia of African American Culture and History.  New York: Macmillan, 1996.

    • Encyclopedia of African Religious and Philosophy.  New York: Garland, 1996.

    • Fryer, David Ross.  "African American Queer Studies."  A Companion to African-American Studies.  Ed. and intro. Gordon and Jane Anna Gordon.  Oxford: Blackwell, 2006.  Also pub. as Not Only the Master’s Tools: African-American Studies in Theory and Practice.  Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2006.  305-329.

    • Gossett, T.  Race; the History of an Idea in America.  New York: Schocken, 1963.

    • Hall, Edith.  "When Is a Myth Not a Myth?  Bernal’s Ancient Model."  Black Athena Revisited.  Ed. Mary R. Lefkowitz, and Guy Maclean Rogers.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  333-348.
    • Hart, William D.  "Three Rival Narratives of Black Religion."  A Companion to African-American Studies.  Ed. and intro. Gordon and Jane Anna Gordon.  Oxford: Blackwell, 2006.  Also pub. as Not Only the Master’s Tools: African-American Studies in Theory and Practice.  Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2006.  476-493.
    • Hilliard, Constance.  Intellectual Traditions of Pre-Colonial Africa.  New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997.
    • Howe, Stephen.  Afrocentrism: Mythical Pasts and Imagined Homes.  London: Verso, 1998.
    • Jasanoff, Jay, and Alan Nussbaum.  "Word Games: the Linguistic Evidence in Black Athena."  Black Athena Revisited.  Ed. Mary R. Lefkowitz and Guy Maclean Rogers.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  177-205.
    • Jenkyns, Richard.  "Bernal and the Nineteenth Century."  Black Athena Revisited.  Ed. Mary R. Lefkowitz and Guy Maclean Rogers.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  411-420.

    • Jordan, Winthrop D.  White Over Black: American Attitudes Toward the Negro, 1550-1812.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1968.

    • Kelley, Robin.  Freedom Dreams: the Black Radical Imagination.  

    • Kelley, Robin, and George Lipsitz.  Race Rebels: Culture, Politics and the Black Working Class.  

    • Lefkowitz, Mary R. "Ancient History, Modern Myths."  Black Athena Revisited.  Ed. Mary R. Lefkowitz, and Guy Maclean Rogers.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  3-23.
    • Lefkowitz, Mary R.  Not Out of Africa: How Afrocentrism Became an Excuse to Teach Myth as History.  New York: , 1996.

    • Lefkowitz, Mary R., and Guy Maclean Rogers, eds.  Black Athena Revisited.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  

    • Liverani, Mario.  "The Bathwater and the Baby."  Black Athena Revisited.  Ed. Mary R. Lefkowitz, and Guy Maclean Rogers.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  421-427.

    • Mazama, Ama, ed.  The Afrocentric Paradigm.  Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 2003.

    • Moses, Wilson Jeremiah.  Creative Conflict in African American Thought.  Cambridge: CUP, 2004.

    • Moses, Wilson Jeremiah.  Afrotopia: the Roots of African American Popular History.  Cambridge: CUP, 1998.

    • Moses, Wilson Jeremiah.  Liberian Dreams: Back to Africa Narratives from the 1850s.  University Park: Pennsylvania State UP, 1998.

    • Moses, Wilson Jeremiah.  Classical Black Nationalism: from the American Revolution to Marcus Garvey.  New York: New York UP, 1996.

    • Moses, Wilson Jeremiah.  The Golden Age of Black Nationalism, 1850-1925.  Oxford: OUP, 1988.

    • Norton, Robert.  "The Tyranny of Germany Over Greece? Bernal, Herder, and the German Appropriation of Greece."  Black Athena Revisited.  Ed. Mary R. Lefkowitz and Guy Maclean Rogers.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  403-410.

    • Robinson, Cedric J.  Black Marxism: the Making of the Black Radical Tradition.  London: Zed, 1983.

    • Rodriguez, Richard.  Brown: the Last Discovery of America.  New York: Viking, 2002.

    • Rogers, Guy Maclean.  "Multiculturalism and the Foundations of Western Civilisation."  Black Athena Revisited.  Ed. Mary R. Lefkowitz, and Guy Maclean Rogers.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  428-443.
    • Shavit, Yaacov.  History in Black: African Americans in Search of an Ancient Past.  London: Frank Cass, 2001.
    • Snowden, Frank.  "Bernal’s ‘Blacks’ and the Afrocentrists."  Black Athena Revisited.  Ed. Mary R. Lefkowitz and Guy Maclean Rogers.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  112-128.
    • Tritle, Lawrence.  "Black Athena: Vision or Dream of Greek Origins?"  Black Athena Revisited.  Ed. Mary R. Lefkowitz, and Guy Maclean Rogers.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  303-330.

    • Turner, James E., ed.  The Next Decade: Theoretical and Research Issues in Africana Research.  Ithaca: Africana Studies and Research Center, Cornell University, 1984.

    • Vermeule, Emily.  "The World Turned Upside Down."  Black Athena Revisited.  Ed. Mary R. Lefkowitz, and Guy Maclean Rogers.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  269-279.

    • Yancy, George, ed.  African-American Philosophers: 17 Conversations.  London: Routledge, 1998.  

    • Yurco, Frank J.  "Black Athena: the Egyptological Evidence."  Black Athena Revisited.  Ed. Mary R. Lefkowitz, and Guy Maclean Rogers.  Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1996.  62-100.

    • Zuberi, Tukufu.  "Sociology and the African Diaspora Experience."  A Companion to African-American Studies.  Ed. and intro. Gordon and Jane Anna Gordon.  Oxford: Blackwell, 2006.  Also pub. as Not Only the Master’s Tools: African-American Studies in Theory and Practice.  Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2006.  246-264.

    • Arts:

      • Adell, Sandra.  "The Crisis in Black American Literary Criticism and the Postmodern Cures of Houston A. Baker, Jr. and Henry Louis Gates, Jr."  1994.
      • Gates, Henry Louis, Jr.  "African American Criticism."  Redrawing the Boundaries: the Transformation of English and American Literary Studies.  Ed. Stephen Greenblatt and Giles Gunn.  New York: Modern Language Association, 1992.  303-320.
      • Hale, Dorothy.  "Bakhtin in African American Literary Theory."  ELH 61 (1994): 445-471.
      • Harper, Phillip.  "Nationalism and Social Division in Black Arts Poetry of the 1960s."  1993.
      • Joyce, Joyce A.  "'Who the Cap Fit': Unconsciousness and Unconscionableness in the Criticism of Houston A. Baker, Jr. and Henry Louis Gates, Jr."  1987.
      • Leitch, Vincent B.  "Black Aesthetics."  American Literary Criticism from the 30s to the 80s.  New York: Columbia UP, 1988.  332-365.
      • Olaniyan, Tejumola.  "African American Critical Discourses and the Invention of Cultural Identities."  African American Review 26 (1992): 533-545.

      • Peterson, Dale.  "Response and Call: the African American Dialogue with Bakhtin and What It Signifies."  Bakhtin in Contexts: Across the Disciplines.  Ed. Amy Mandelker.  Evanston: Northwestern UP, 1995.  89-98.

      • Spurlin, William.  "Theorizing Signifyin(g) and the Role of the Reader: Possible Directions for African-American Literary Criticism."  College English 52 (1990): 732-42.

On-Line:

UNIVERSITY PROGRAMMES / RESEARCH CENTRES / RESEARCH PROJECTS

Canada:

USA: