ETHICS / MORAL PHILOSOPHY
(AXIOLOGY / VALUE THEORY)

I use the terms Ethics (from the Ancient Greek ethikos, meaning 'arising from habit') or Moral Philosophy to refer to the use of logical and scientific methods to evaluate the concepts of right and wrong in human conduct.  Ethics is devoted to systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behaviour by analysing concepts such as right, wrong, good, evil, and responsibility.  It is sub-divided into four main areas:

Meta-ethics (the study of where our ethical principles come from, and what they mean, the nature of ethical properties as well as ethical statements, attitudes, and judgments, i.e. what do terms like 'right' or 'wrong' mean?);

Normative (or prescriptive) ethics (the study of the standards which regulate actions and classify them as right or wrong, i.e. how should people act?); and

Applied ethics (the use of ethical values to resolve controversial issues such as abortion, infanticide, animal rights, environmental concerns, homosexuality, capital punishment, or nuclear war). 

Bio-Ethics

Business Ethics

Descriptive (or comparative) ethics is the study of people's beliefs about morality (i.e. what do people think is right?). 

Axiology, from the Greek axia (αξια, value, worth), is the study of value or quality. 

Value theory investigates how people positively and negatively value things and concepts, the reasons they use in making their evaluations, and the scope of applications of legitimate evaluations across the social world.

SUB-PAGES

Philosophers / Theorists:

• Ancient (Classical):

  • Plato (c.427 - c.347 BCE)

  • Aristotle (c.384 - c.322 BCE)

• Medieval:
• Early Modern:

  • Baruch Spinoza (1632 - 1677)

  • David Hume (1711 - 1776)

  • Immanuel Kant (1724 - 1804)

• Nineteenth Century:

  • Jeremy Bentham (1748 - 1832)

  • John Stuart Mill (1806 - 1873)

• Twentieth Century:

  • G. E. Moore (1873 - 1958)

  • Charles L. Stevenson (1908 - 1979)

  • R. M. Hare (1919 - 2002)

  • G. E. M. Anscombe (1919 - )

  • Philippa Foot (1920 - )

  • Bernard Williams (1929 - 2003)

  • Thomas Nagel (1937 - )

  • Peter Singer (1946 - )

ASSOCIATIONS

• AHRC Scottish Ethics Network

• All India Bioethics Association

• Australian Association for Professional and Applied Ethics (AAPAE)

• Australasian Bioethics Association

• Association for Practical and Professional Ethics

• British Society for Ethical Theory

• Canadian Bioethics Society - Société canadienne de bioéthique

• Ethics Society of South Africa

• International Association of Bioethics

• International Global Ethics Association

• International Society for Utilitarian Studies (ISUS)

• Sociedad Internacional de Bioética

• Societas Ethica: European Society for Research in Ethics

• Society for Ethics

• Society for the Study of Christian Ethics

• Society for the Study of Ethics and Animals

• Society for Value Inquiry

CONFERENCES

2008:

• Annual Conference, British Society for Ethical Theory, University of Edinburgh, July 14-16

• Questioning Cosmopolitanism, Second Biennial Conference, International Global Ethics Association, June 26-28

• Truth and Faith in Ethics, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, Australia, June 24-27

• Options and Issues in Applied Ethics, Eastern Regional Meeting, Society of Christian Philosophers, Niagara University, April 18-19

• How do Ethical Theory and Moral Practice Relate?, Blaise Pascal Instituut, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, March 19-20

2007:

• Applied Ethics, Second International Conference, Center for Applied Ethics and Philosophy (CAEP), Faculty of Letters, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, November 22-25
• Ethics and National Security, Saint Paul University, Ottawa, October 25-27

• Rethinking the Ethics of Armed (and Unarmed) Intervention, Annual Conference, Ethics Society of South Africa, St. Augustine College, Johannesburg, September 24-25

• Moralities at the Turn of Centuries and Millenniums, Presov University , Slovakia, September 18 – 20

• Animal Abuse and Human Violence, Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics, University of Oxford, September 18

• Fourth Annual Metaethics Workshop, University of Wisconsin, Madison, September 7-9

• Health and Well-Being in a Divided World: Ethical Challenges for Universities, Third International Conference on Teaching Applied and Professional Ethics in Higher Education, Kingston University, September 4-6

• Moral Cognition and Meta-Ethics, Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics (CAPPE), University of Sydney, August 31-September 2

• Philosophical Approaches to Ethics: Methods and Foundations, Societas Ethica, Leysin (Switzerland), August 22-26

• Annual Conference, British Society for Ethical Theory, Department of Philosophy, University of Bristol, July 9-11

• Enhancing Responsibility, 14th Annual Conference, Australasian Association for Professional and Applied Ethics, RMIT University, Melbourne, June 27-29

• Utilitarianism: an Ethics of Experience?, Dipartimento di Studi Filosofici ed Epistemologici, University of Rome 'La Sapienza,' June 14-16

• Inaugural Conference, Ethics Centre, Open University, May 23

• Ethics in Epistemology, Department of Philosophy, University of Twente, May 29

• Reason and Values, Department of Philosophy, University of York, May 19

• Public Health Ethics, Birmingham University, May 16-18

• Meta-Ethics Workshop, Department of Moral Philosophy, University of St. Andrews, May 5

• Options and Issues in Christian Ethics, Eastern Regional Meeting, Society of Christian Philosophers, Department of Humanities, Columbia International University, Columbia, South Carolina, April 20-21

• Understanding Other Minds and Moral Agency, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA, April 19-21

• The Cardinal Virtues, Viterbo University, La Crosse, Wisconsin, April 13-14

• The History of Ethics, Departments of Philosophy, University of St. Andrews, April  11

• Bringing Human / Animal Studies into Academia: Issues and Moral Dilemmas, 4th Annual Animal Liberation Affairs Conference, University of Maine, Orono, April 7

• Indigenous Knowledge and Cultural Property: the Ethics of Cultural and Environmental Sovereignty and Stewardship, Information Ethics Roundtable 2007, University of Arizona, March 23-25

• Developing Character: Moral and Intellectual Virtues, Midwest Regional Meeting, Society of Christian Philosophers, Department of Philosophy and Religion, University of Dubuque, March 22-24

• Multiculturalism and Moral Conflict, School of Government and International Affairs, Durham University, March 21-23

• Emotions, Ethics, and Adaptation, University of Manchester, March 14

• Applied Ethics: Research and Education in the Global and Cultural Contexts, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, February 9 and February 14

• Well-Being, Liberty and Practical Reason, Department of Philosophy, University of Sheffield, January 28

2006:

• Partiality and Impartiality in Moral and Political Philosophy, Department of Philosophy, University of Reading, December 1-2

• Global Ethics and Global Justice, Center for Ethics and Value Inquiry, Ghent University, Belgium, November 24-25

• Legitimating Cultures, Cultures of Legitimacy, Bucharest University, November 23-25

• Metaethics, Department of Philosophy, University of Cambridge, November 18

• New Perspectives on Free Will and Moral Responsibility, Department of Philosophy, University of San Francisco, November 10

• Religion, Science and Public Concern: Discourses on Ethics, Ecology, and Genomics, University of Leiden, Netherlands, October 26-27

• Double standards: Towards an Integration of Evolutionary and Neurological Perspectives on Human Morality, Conference on the Moral Brain, Ghent University, Belgium, October 20-21

• Axiología y Globalización: la Filosofía Frente a los Retos del Mundo Actual, XIII Jornadas Filosóficas, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, México, 19-20 de Octubre

• Irresponsibility, Division of English, National University of Singapore, September 28-30

• Globalization, Environmental Ethics and Environmental Justice, Lyman Briggs School, Michigan State University, August 24-28

• Problems and Prospects of Ethical Naturalism, Department of Philosophy, Durham University, August 11-12

• Values and Justice in the Global Era, 18th International Conference, International Society for Greek Philosophy, Greek Philosophical Society, International Society for Greek Philosophy and Culture, and Society for Ancient Greek Philosophy, Kavala, Greece, July 20-27

• Ethics and Demandingness, Department of Philosophy, University of Dundee, July 14-16

• Annual Conference, British Society for Ethical Theory, Department of Philosophy, University of Southampton, July 10-12

• Moral Contextualism, Department of Philosophy, University of Aberdeen, July 4-5

• Altruism and Moral Psychology, Humanities Research Institute, University of Sheffield, June 17-18

• Ethical Aspects of Risk, Department of Philosophy, Delft University of Technology, June 14-16

• Reason and Values, Department of Philosophy, University of Glasgow, June 13

• 13th Annual Conference, Australian Association for Professional and Applied Ethics (AAPAE), University of New South Wales, June 12-14

• Choose a Life, Choose Your Life, Choose Life?  Bioethical Issues at the Beginning, Middle and End of Life, St. Anne's College, University of Oxford, June 2

• Human Enhancement Technologies and Human Rights, Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, Center for Cognitive Liberty and Ethics, and Stanford Center for Law and the Biosciences, Stanford Law School, Stanford University, May 26-28

• Making Ethics Visible, 2nd Midwest Environmental Ethics Conference, Department of Philosophy, University of St. Thomas, May 6

• Psychiatry and the Moral Emotions, Association for the Advancement of Philosophy and Psychiatry, Toronto, May 20-21

• What is Global Ethics and How to Research it?, Center for Ethics and Value Inquiry (CEVI), Ghent University, Belgium, April 27-29

• Action, Ethics, and Responsibility, 9th Annual Inland Northwest Philosophy Conference, Departments of Philosophy at the University of Idaho, Moscow, ID and Washington State University, Pullman, WA, March 31-April 2

• Designing Human Life, Health Care Ethics Forum, Imperial College, University of London, March 30
• Moral Theory and Health Care Ethics, Department of Philosophy and Centre of Bioethical Research and Analysis, National University of Ireland, Galway, March 8-10

• The Demandingness of Morality, AHRC Scottish Ethics Network, University of Stirling, March 3

2005:

• Workshop on Moral Judgment and Moral Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland, December 13-14

• Impartiality and Partiality in Ethics, Department of Philosophy, University of Reading, December 2-3

• Free Will and Moral Responsibility, School of Philosophy and Bioethics, Monash University, November 3-4

• Emotions and Rationality in Moral Philosophy, Institute of Philosophy, University of Neuchatel, Switzerland, October 27-29

• Ethics: the Guiding Light, Peter J. Tobin School of Business, St. John's University, October 26-28

• International Perspectives in Applied Ethics: Recent Developments in China and the US, Department of Health Care Ethics, Regis University and Department of Philosophy, Wuhan University (China), October 15-16

• Second Annual Metaethics Workshop, Department of Philosophy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, September 16-18

• Looking Back to the Future, Ethicomp 2005, University of Linkoping, Sweden, September 12-15

• Demandingness in Ethics, Scottish Ethics Network, St Andrews University, September 2

• Teaching Ethics in Higher Education, Centre for Applied and Professional Ethics, Universities of Roehampton and Surrey, August 30-September 1

• Annual Meeting, International Society for Utilitarian Studies (ISUS), Dartmouth College, August 11-14

• Sixth International Conference of Computer Ethics: Philosophical Enquiry, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands, July 17-19

• Private Military Companies, States, and Global Civil Society: Ethics, Theory and Practice, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, July 14 - 16

• Annual Conference, British Society for Ethical Theory, Department of Philosophy, University of Leeds, July 11-13

• Nature in the Kingdom of Ends: the Aesthetics and Ethics of Nature, Institute for Advanced Learning, Selfoss, Iceland, June 11-12

• The Metaphysics of Value, Centre for Metaphysics and Mind, School of Philosophy, University of Leeds, May 14

• Ethics, Politics, Criminality: Perspectives from Greek Philosophy and Africa, South African Society for Greek Philosophy and the Humanities, University of Pretoria and University of South Africa, May 4-6

• Reason and Evaluation, 32nd Conference on Value Inquiry, Department of Philosophy, Louisiana State University, April 8-10 April

• 6th Global Conference: Perspectives on Evil and Human Wickedness, Prague, March 18-23
• Ética sin filosofía o con filosofía?, Coloquio Nacional, Centro de Investigaciones Filosóficas, Colegio de Filosofía, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, México, 3 a 4 de marzo

2004:

• Menschenrechte zwischen Wirtschaft, Recht und Ethik, Wien (Österreich), Dezember 3-4

• Moral Particularism, Department of Philosophy, University of Kent, December 1

• Judging and Understanding: Homage to the Ten Years of Democratic Rule in South Africa, Goethe Institute, Johannesburg, November 27 – 28

• Deep Listening: Bridging Divides in Local and Global Ethics, 7the World Congress, International Association of Bioethics, University of New South Wales, November 9-12:

  • Contesting Freedoms in Healthcare: Policy, Practice and Healthcare, 10th Conference, Australasian Association of Bioethics, November 13-14

• Moral Psychology: Perspectives From Philosophy, Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics, Australian National University, November 9-10

• Consequentialism, Department of Philosophy, University of Edinburgh, October 24

• Ethics and the Life Sciences: Environment, Food, Technology, and Human Health, Department of Philosophy, University of Delaware, October 22-24

• Metaethics Workshop, Department of Philosophy, University of Wisconsin, October 16-17

• Jus in Bello: the Ethics and Conduct of War, Department of Philosophy, University of Hull, September 27-28

• Pluralism in Europe?, Annual Conference, Societas Ethica, Ljubljana (Slovenia), August 25-29

• Ethical, Legal and Social Aspects of Human Genetic Databases, International ELSAGEN Conference, Centre for Ethics, University of Iceland, August 25-28 (joint conference)

• Genetics and Health Care, 18th European Conference on Philosophy of Medicine and Health Care, European Society for Philosophy of Medicine and Healthcare, Centre for Ethics, University of Iceland, August 25-28 (joint conference)

• The Ethics of Global Warming, Centre for Applied Ethics, Department of Philosophy, University of Wales, Cardiff, July 23

• Annual Conference, British Society for Ethical Theory, University of Kent, Canterbury, July 12-14

• Making Sense of Health, Illness and Disease, St. Catherine's College, University of Oxford, July 5-9

• Reasonable Questioning: Scanlon and the Contractualist Picture of Morality, University of London, June 4-5

• Monsters and the Monstrous: Myths and Metaphors of Enduring Evil, Budapest, Hungary, May 10-12

• Values and Virtues: Aristotelianism in Contemporary Ethics, Department of Philosophy, University of Dundee, Scotland, April 30-May 2 (t.d.j.chappell@dundee.ac.uk)

• International Conference on Ethics, Politics, Criminality: Perspectives from Greek Philosophy and Africa, University of Pretoria, South Africa, April 14-16

• Rocky Mountain Virtue Ethics Summit, Department of Philosophy, University of Colorado, Boulder, April 3-5

• Values, Rational Choice, and the Will: a Special Conference on Values, Department of Philosophy, University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, April 1-3

• Moral Testimony: Telling and Being Told What is Right, Department of Philosophy, University of Birmingham, March 20

• Symposium on Genetics and Disability, Centre for Bioethics Research and Analysis, National University of Ireland, Galway, March 10-12

• Theoretical and Applied Ethics, Second Annual Symposium, Institute for Humane Studies, Baton Rouge, Lousiana, February 19-21

• Ethics in Place - Architecture, Memory and Environmental Poetics, Arizona State University, February 5-6

2003:

• Modernity, the Moral Domain, and the Task of the Moral Philosopher: Rethinking the Moorean and Deweyan Scientific Project in Ethics (1903-2003), the Centre for Ethics and Value Inquiry (CEVI), Ghent University, Belgium, December 19

• Nature, Science, Technology and Religion: Our New Bioethical Issues: an International Dialogue,Chennai , India, November 25-29

• Moral Epistemology, Department of Philosophy, University of Edinburgh, November 21 and 22

• Representing Animals, Department of Philosophy, Brock University, November 13-14

• Is There Still a Public Sector Ethic?  An International Symposium on Ethics in the Public and Private Sectors, Royal Holloway College, University of London, November 6 

• Bioethics and Christian Philosophy, Department of Philosophy, Wheaton College, October 30-November 1

• Reasonable Partiality, Netherlands School for Research in Practical Philosophy, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, October 22-24

• Real World - Real People (FUSCAPE): the Ethical Challenges for Tomorrow’s Graduates and How Higher Education can Respond, Federal University of Surrey,  September 2-4

• Annual Conference, British Society for Ethical Theory, Queen's University, Belfast, July 21-23

• Virtue and Nature, Department of Philosophy, University of Padua, May 15

• The History of Value Inquiry, 31st Annual Conference on Value Inquiry, Department of Philosophy and Religion, University of North Dakota, April 10 - 12

• International Symposium on Theoretical and Applied Ethics, Department of Philosophy, Louisiana State University, February 27-March 1

2002:

2001:

2000:

Annual:

• Annual Conference, British Society for Ethical Theory

COURSES

• University of Arkansas:

  • Contemporary Ethical Theory (Lee)

  • General Value Theory (Lee)

• Brock University: Ethics: Foundations and Cases (Nathan)

• Cardiff University: 

  • Ethics and Applied Ethics (Attfield)

  • History of Twentieth Century Meta-Ethics (Attfield)

  • Perspectives in the History of Ethics, Social and Political Philosophy (Attfield, Sedgwick)

• University of Hawaii: Ethics (Beck)

• University of Michigan: History of Modern Ethics (Darwall)

• Montclair State University: Ethics (Bridges)

• University of North Carolina: 

  • Applied Ethics (Eldridge)

  • Bioethics (Eldridge)

  • Contemporary Moral Theory (Eldridge)

  • Introduction to Ethics (Eldridge)

• University of Sheffield: Metaethics (Lenman)

• Sussex University: Moral Problems of Life and Death (Ireland)

• University of Texas, Austin: Introduction to Ethics (Higgins)

• University of the West Indies: Ethics and Applied Ethics (Brandon)

• Yale University: Introduction to Ethics (Risse)

JOURNALS

• American Journal of Bioethics

• Annals of Bioethics

• BMC Medical Ethics

• Brown Electronic Article Review Service in Moral and Political Philosophy (BEARS)

• Bioethics: Journal of the International Association of Bioethics

• Business Ethics: a European Review

• Business and Society Review

• Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics

• Christian Bioethics

• Developing World Ethics

• Environmental Ethics

• Environmental Values

• Ethic@: an International Journal for Moral Philosophy

• Ethical Perspectives: the Journal of the European Ethics Network

• Ethical Theory and Moral Practice

• ETHICOMP

• Ethics: an International Journal of Social, Political and Legal Philosophy

• Ethics and Behaviour

• Ethics and Education

• Ethics and International Affairs

• Ethics and Politics

• Ethics and Social Welfare

• Ethics, Place and Environment

• Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics

• Genomics, Society and Policy Online

• Global Virtue Ethics Review

• Healthcare Ethics Forum

• Issues in Medical Ethics

• Journal of Academic Ethics

• Journal of Bioethical Inquiry

• Journal of Ethics

• Journal of Ethics and Social Philosophy: On-Line Journal of Moral, Political and Legal Philosophy

• Journal of Global Ethics (or here)

• Journal of Markets and Morality

• Journal of Mass Media Ethics

• Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: a Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine

• Journal of Moral Philosophy

• Journal of Value Inquiry or here

• Monash Bioethics Review

• Nanoethics: Ethics for Technologies that Converge at the Nanoscale

• New Review of Bioethics

• Online Journal of Health Ethics

• Renascence: Essays on Values in Literature

• Studies in Christian Ethics

• Studies in the History of Ethics

• Utilitas: an Interdisciplinary Journal of Moral and Political philosophy, Economic Theory, Jurisprudence, and Intellectual History

SOURCES: PRIMARY

Book Series:

• Annals of Bioethics: a Forum of Foundational, Clinical and Emerging Topics.  Ed. Mark J. Cherry and Ana Iltis.  

• Rodopi: Value Inquiry Book Series (VIBS)

Off-Line:

• Anthologies:
  • Adams, Marilyn McCord, and Robert Merrihew Adams, eds.  The Problem of Evil.  Oxford: OUP, 1990.
  • Boniolo, Giovanni, and Gabriele De Anna, eds.  Evolutionary Ethics and Contemporary Biology.  Cambridge: CUP, 2006.
  • Cooper, David, ed.  Ethics: the Classic Readings
  . 

  • Fehige, C., and G. Meggle, eds.  Towards Moral Thinking.  Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1995.

  • Gensler, Harry J., ed.  Ethics: Contemporary Readings.  London: Routledge, 2004.
  • Goldberg, David Theo, ed.  Ethical Theory and Society: Historical Texts and Contemporary Readings.  New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1989.
  • Gowan, Christopher, ed.  Moral Disagreements: Classic and Contemporary Readings
  . 
  • Johnson, Oliver, and Andrew Reath, eds.  Ethics: Selections from Classical and Contemporary Writers.  9th Ed.  Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2003.
  • Morgan, Michael, ed.  Classics of Moral and Political Theory
  . 
  • Pojman, Louis, ed.  Moral Philosophy: a Reader.  2nd ed.  Indianapolis: Hackett, 1998.
  • Pojman, Louis, ed.  Ethical Theory: Classical and Contemporary Readings.  Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1989.
  • Schneewind, Jerome B., ed.  Moral Philosophy from Montaigne to Kant.  Cambridge: CUP, 1990.
  • Sellars, Wilfrid, and John Hospers, eds.  Readings in Ethical Theory.  New York: Appleton-Century-Croft, 1952.
• Selected Individual Works:

  • Adams, Robert Merrihew.  A Theory of Virtue: Excellence in Being for the Good.  Oxford: OUP, 2006.

  • Audi, Robert.  Practical Reasoning and Ethical Decision.  London: Routledge, 2006.

  • Audi, Robert.  The Good in the Right.  2004.

  • Battin, Margaret Pabst.  Ending Life: Ethics and the Way We Die.  Oxford: OUP, 2005.

  • Battin, Margaret Pabst.  The Least Worst Death.  1994

  • Broome, John.  Weighing Lives.  Oxford: OUP, 2004.

  • Burleigh, Michael.  Ethics and Extermination: Reflections on the Nazi Genocide.

  • Cribb, Alan.  Health and the Good Society: Setting Healthcare Ethics in Social Context.  Oxford: OUP, 2005.
  • Crisp, Roger.  Reasons and the Good.  Oxford: OUP, 2006.
  • de Waal, Frans, Robert Wright, Christine M. Korsgaard, Philip Kitcher, and Peter Singer.  Primates and Philosophers: How Morality Evolved.  Princeton: Princeton UP, 2006.
  • Double, Richard.  Metaethical Subjectivism.  Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006.
  • Fiala, Andrew.  Tolerance and the Ethical Life.  London: Continuum, 2005.
  • Fischer, John Martin.  My Way: Essays on Moral Responsibility.  Oxford: OUP, 2006.

  • Geach, Mary.  The Virtues.  1977.

  • Harris, George W.  Reason's Grief: an Essay on Tragedy and Value.  Cambridge: CUP, 2006.

  • Held, Virginia.  The Ethics of Care: Personal, Political, Global.  Oxford: OUP, 2006.

  • Huemer, Michael.  Ethical Intuitionism.  London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.

  • Hursthouse, Rosalind.  On Virtue Ethics.  Oxford: OUP, 1999.

  • Joyce, Richard.  The Evolution of Morality.  Cambridge: MIT Press, 2006.

  • Kalderon, Mark Eli.  Moral Fictionalism.  Oxford: OUP, 2005.

  • Kamm, F. M.  Intricate Ethics: Rights, Responsibilities, and Permissible Harm.  Oxford: OUP, 2007.

  • Kekes, John.  The Roots of Evil.  Ithaca: Cornell UP, 2005.

  • Kenny, Anthony, and Charles Kenny.  Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Utility: Happiness in Philosophical and Economic Thought.  Exeter: Imprint Academic, 2006.

  • Korsgaard, Christine M.  Creating the Kingdom of Ends.  Cambridge: CUP, 1996.

  • Korsgaard, Christine M.  The Sources of Normativity.  Cambridge: CUP, 1996.

  • Kupperman, Joel K.  Six Myths about the Good Life: Thinking About What Has Value.  Indianapolis: Hackett, 2006.

  • Lear, Jonathan.  Radical Hope: Ethics in the Face of Cultural Devastation.  Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 2006.

  • Lowe, Brian M.  Emerging Moral Vocabularies: the Creation and Establishment of New Forms of Moral and Ethical Meanings.  Lanham, MD: Lexington, 2006.

  • Mackie, John.  Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong.  1975.

  • McKeever, Sean, and Michael Ridge.  Principled Ethics: Generalism as a Regulative Ideal.  Oxford: OUP, 2006.

  • Mendola, Joseph.  Goodness and Justice: a Consequentialist Moral Theory.  Cambridge: CUP, 2006.

  • Millgram, Elijah.  Ethics Done Right: Practical Reasoning as a Foundation for Moral Theory.  Cambridge: CUP, 2005.

  • Moya, Carlos J.  Moral Responsibility: the Ways of Scepticism.  London: Routledge, 2006.

  • Mulgan, Tim.  Future People: a Moderate Consequentialist Account of Our Obligations to Future Generations.  Oxford: OUP, 2006.

  • Nichols, Shaun.  Sentimental Rules: on the Natural Foundations of Moral Judgment.  Oxford: OUP, 2004.

  • Oddie, Graham.  Value, Reality and Desire.  Oxford: OUP, 2005.

  • Otteson, James R.  Actual Ethics.  Cambridge: CUP, 2006.

  • Price, Terry L.  Understanding Ethical Failures in Leadership.  Cambridge: CUP, 2006.

  • Reynold, George.  Ethics In Information Technology.

  • Sher, George.  In Praise of Blame.  Oxford: OUP, 2006.
  • Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter.  Moral Skepticisms.  Oxford: OUP, 2006.
  • Smith, Tara.  Ayn Rand's Normative Ethics: the Virtuous Egoist.  Cambridge: CUP, 2006.
  • Taylor, Gabriele.  Deadly Vices.  Oxford: OUP, 2006.
  • Taylor, Gabriele.  Pride, Shame, and Guilt. 
  • Tenenbaum, Sergio.  Appearances of the Good: an Essay on the Nature of Practical Reason.  Cambridge: CUP, 2007.
  • Tersman, Folke.  Moral Disagreement.  Cambridge: CUP, 2006.
  • Tessman, Lisa.  Burdened Virtues: Virtue Ethics for Liberatory Struggles.  Oxford: OUP, 2005.
  • Walker, Margaret Urban.  Moral Repair: Reconstructing Moral Relations after Wrongdoing.  Cambridge: CUP, 2006.
  • Wilson, Catherine.  Moral Animals: Ideals and Constraints in Moral Theory.  Oxford: OUP, 2004.
  • Wong, David B.  Natural Moralities: a Defense of Pluralistic Relativism.  Oxford: OUP, 2006.

On-Line:

• Hallpike, C. R.: Evolution of Moral Understanding

SOURCES: SECONDARY

Off-Line:

• Anthologies:

  • Athanassoulis, Nafsika, ed.  Philosophical Reflections on Medical Ethics.  London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.

  • Copp, David, ed.  Oxford Handbook of Ethical Theory.  Oxford: OUP, .

  • Dreier, James, ed.  Contemporary Debates in Moral Theory.  Oxford: Blackwell, 2006.

  • Gill, Christopher, ed.  Virtue, Norms, and Objectivity: Issues in Ancient and Modern Ethics.  Oxford: OUP, 2005.

  • Horgan, Terry, and Mark Timmons, eds.  Metaethics after Moore.  Oxford: OUP, 2006.

  • Miller, Arthur G., ed.  The Social Psychology of Good and Evil.  New York: Guilford, 2005.

  • Taylor, James Stacey, ed.  Personal Autonomy: New Essays on Personal Autonomy and its Role in Contemporary Moral Philosophy.  Cambridge: CUP, 2005.

  • Wasserman, David, Jerome Bickenbach, and Robert Wachbroit, eds.  Quality of Life and Human Difference.  Cambridge: CUP, 2005.

• Selected Individual Works:

  • Frankena, W.  Ethics.  Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1963.

  • Gensler, Harry J.  Ethics: a Contemporary Introduction.  London: Routledge, 1998.
  • Hudson, W. D.  Modern Moral Philosophy.  New York: Macmillan, 1983..
  • Pojman, Louis P.  How Should We Live?  An Introduction to Ethics.  Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2004.
  • Urmson, J. O.  The Emotive Theory of Ethics.  London: Hutchinson, 1968.
  • MacIntyre, Alasdair.  A Short History of Ethics.  London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1967.
  • Miller, Alexander.  An Introduction to Contemporary Metaethics.  Cambridge: Polity, 2003.
  • Shaw, William H.  G. E. Moore: Ethics and 'the Nature of Moral Philosophy'.  Oxford: OUP, 2005.
  • Warnock, G. J.  Contemporary Moral Philosophy.  New York: Macmillan, 1967.
  • Warnock, Mary.  Ethics Since 1900.  Oxford: OUP, 1960.
  • Williams, Bernard.  "Ethics."  Philosophy: a Guide Through the Subject.  Oxford: OUP, 1995.  544-582.

On-Line:

• Athanassoulis, Nafsika: Virtue Ethics (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

• Buckle, Stephen: Utilitarianism

• Fieser, James: Ethics (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

• Gert, Bernard: The Definition of Morality (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

• Homiak, Marcia: Moral Character (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

• Hursthouse, Rosalind: Virtue Ethics (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

• Lenman, James: Metaethics Bibliography

• Newall, Paul: Ethics

• Shoemaker, David: Personal Identity and Ethics (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

• Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter: Consequentialism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

• Sokol, Daniel: What If. . . .  Ethical Thought Experiments

• Tramel, Peter: Moral Epistemology (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

• Wikipedia Encyclopedia:

  • Axiology

  • Ethics:

    • Applied Ethics:

      • Business Ethics

      • Environmental Ethics

      • Legal Ethics

      • Medical Ethics

    • Descriptive Ethics

    • Meta-ethics

    • Normative Ethics:

      • Consequentialism (see also Utilitarianism)

      • Deontological Ethics

      • Virtue Ethics

  • Morality:

    • Moral Relativism

  • Value (Personal and Cultural)

  • Value System

  • Value Theory

  • Virtue

UNIVERSITY PROGRAMMES / RESEARCH CENTRES / RESEARCH PROJECTS

Australia:

• Australia:

  • Australian National University: MA in Professional and Applied Ethics

  • Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics (CAPPE)

  • Monash University: Centre for Human Bioethics

Canada:

• Carleton University: Centre for Values and Ethics

• Université de Montréal: Centre de recherche en éthique (CREUM)

Europe:

• General:

  • ELSAGEN: Ethical, Legal and Social Aspects of Human Genetic Databases

  • Wickedness.net

• Belgium:

  • Ghent University: CEVI: Center for Ethics and Value Inquiry

  • Katholieke Universiteit Leuven: Institute of Philosophy: Centre for Ethics, Social and Political Philosophy

• Eire:

  • National University of Ireland, Galway: Center of Bioethical Research and Analysis

• Italy:

  • Pontifical Athenaeum Regina Apostolorum: School of Bioethics

• Sweden:

  • Karolinska Institutet and Uppsala University: Centre for Bioethics

• Switzerland:

  • University of Zurich: Centre for Ethics

• UK:

  • University of Birmingham:

    • Centre for Global Ethics

    • MA in Ethics

  • Cardiff University: Department of Philosophy: 

    • Centre for Applied Ethics

    • MA in Ethics and Social Philosophy

  • University of Central Lancashire: Centre for Professional Ethics

  • University of Edinburgh: MSc in Ethics

  • Glasgow Caledonian University: Centre for Ethics in Public Policy and Corporate Governance

  • University of Hull: Institute of Applied Ethics

  • Keele University: Centre for Professional Ethics

  • University of London: Imperial College of Science: Medical Ethics Unit: MSc in Medical Ethics

  • Open University: Ethics Centre

  • University of Oxford:

    • Centre for Animal Ethics

    • Centre for Ethics and Philosophy of Law

    • Program on the Ethics of the New Biosciences

    • Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics

  • Universities of Roehampton and Surrey: Centre for Applied and Professional Ethics

  • University of St. Andrews: Centre for Ethics, Philosophy and Public Affairs

  • York University: MA in Practical Ethics: Bioethics, the Environment and the Foundations of Law

USA:

• George Mason University: Center for Global Ethics

• Georgia State University: Department of Philosophy: Jean Beer Blumenfeld Center for Ethics

• Johns Hopkins University: Phoebe R. Berman Bioethics Institute

• University of Montana: Center for Ethics

• University of Notre Dame: Center for Ethics and Culture

• Pennsylvania State University: Rock Ethics Institute

• Princeton University: Center for Human Values

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PHILWEB was last updated: August 29, 2007

PHILWEB is edited by Richard L. W. Clarke

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